Heron of Thornton and Ford

Introduction

The published pedigrees of the family of Heron of Ford, Northumberland all contain errors of one kind or another due to the lack of contemporary documentation and confusion between various members of the family with the same name. The account in Complete Peerage also has errors, many of which are corrected and discussed here: Some corrections and additions to the Complete Peerage: Volume 6: Heron.

These clarifications can also be a bit confusing and I thought it would be interesting to look at the family in a different way, from the perspective of the family of Heron of Thornton, who eventually became the heirs of the family of Heron of Ford.

Thornton, or more correctly Thrunton, is a hamlet in the parish of Whittingham, Northumberland. There are other places in Northumberland called Thornton and they are easily confused in the early records.

The Herons of Thornton descended from John, a younger son of Sir William Heron of Ford (1304-1379). Raine in his pedigree of the family[1] says that he died in 1408, but as John was born in the early 1330’s and the John Heron of Thornton who died in 1408 left a 12 year old son, this seems unlikely. The most probable explanation is that John Heron of Thornton who died in 1408 was the son of the John Heron of Thornton who was born about 1332.

John Heron of Thornton I

John Heron of Thornton, third son of Sir William Heron of Ford, Northumberland by Isabel de Gray his wife was born about 1332. On 25 November 1337, his father, William son of Roger Heron settled the manor of Ford on himself and Isabel his wife, for their lives, with successive remainders to their sons Roger, William, John and Thomas in tail male [2].

Sometime in the early 1350’s John Heron married Elizabeth, the widow of Robert de Eslington of Eslington, Northumberland, who died of the plague on 10 October 1349, leaving three daughters and co-heirs, one by Isabel his first wife, and two by Elizabeth [3].  In her right John Heron was tenant of Elizabeth’s dower lands in the manor of Eslington and half of the vills of Whittingham, Thrunton and Barton, Northumberland. These lands were held of the king in chief.

Elizabeth’s daughters were Elizabeth de Eslington, who married Gilbert Heron and died childless in 1362, and Isabel de Eslington who married Robert de Bowes. After the death of Robert de Bowes, and her sister Elizabeth, Isabel sold her father’s lands in Whittingham to Donald de Heselrig. The other half of Whittingham, Thrunton and Barton which was not held by the Eslingtons and later the Hesilrig family was held by Beatrice, daughter of Henry fitz John, who inherited her nephew’s lands in 1349 [4]. In May 1370, Beatrice and her second husband, Sir Robert de Hauley sold their share of Whittingham and land in Great and Little Riyal to six trustees, all clergymen, including William, the parson of the church of Ford for 200 marks [5]. The trustees were acting on behalf of Sir William Heron of Ford. In 1371, after an inquisition ad quod damnum, Robert Haulay, knight, and Beatrice his wife had licence to settle the manor of Whittingham on William Heron knight, John his son, and their heirs [6]. Sir William appears to have given half of these lands to his son John. John Heron thus became the king’s tenant in Little Riyal, quarter of the manor of Whittingham, and quarter of the vills of Thrunton and Barton.

In the records it is difficult to distinguish John Heron of Thornton from other men named John Heron living in Northumberland, notably his uncle Sir John Heron of Crawley, who also had a younger son named John and a grandson John. It appears that John Heron of Thornton became a soldier. In September 1359 he had letters of protection until Easter, about to proceed with Henry de Percy to Gascony [7]. In March 1362, John son of William Heron was a deputy to Sir Richard Tempest, keeper of the castle of Roxburgh when they were accused of various wrongdoings [8].

Sir William Heron of Ford, his brother Sir John Heron and his sons Sir Roger Heron and John Heron, esquire (of Thornton) were among those implicated in the murder of Sir John de Coupland who was killed on 30 December 1363. In November 1364, the king ordered their imprisonment [9], but they were later released on payment of heavy fines. On 20 June 1366, the king confirmed to John Heron, at his request and on his petition, a messuage and a carucate of land in Thornton late of Thomas Graunt, which the escheator had wrongly taken into the king’s hand [10].

On 3 December 1378, a commission of oyer and terminer was ordered on the complaint by  Donald de Hesilrig, knight, that William Heron, knight, and John his son, with others, broke his house at Whittingham, Northumberland, felled and carried away his trees, depastured his corn and grass there and at Thornton and Barton, and assaulted his servants [11]. Apparently relations between the two neighbouring families were not always neighbourly.

On 27 May 1379, John Heron of Thornton was named as one of the assessors of a tax in Northumberland [12]. In 1382, John Heron of Thornton, Walter Heron, and Edward Heron, executors of the will of Sir William Heron of Ford, who died in December 1379, claimed a debt of £60 from Sir John Heron, senior (of Crawley) [13].  About 1385, John Heron of Thornton and Elizabeth his wife sued William Bishopdale, mayor of Newcastle and others for abducting Alice del Chambre, their ward, from the manor of Whittingham [14].

John Heron of Thornton is said to have died in March 1386, although I can find no source for this. He was succeeded by his son (or possibly his grandson) John.

John Heron of Thornton II

The second John Heron of Thornton hardly appears sparsely in the records.  On 20 June 1386, John Heron of Thornton with the earl of Northumberland, defending Berwick castle had letters of protection for one year [16].

John Heron of Thornton died on 5 October 1408, leaving William his son and heir aged 12. He was seised of the vill of Little Riyal, one quarter of Whittingham manor, and one quarter of the vills of Thrunton and Barton [17]. On 18 May 1412, the escheator in Northumberland was ordered to assign dower to Katherine who was wife of John Heron of Thornton [18].

William Heron of Thornton and Ford

William son of John Heron was born at Whittingham on 12 March 1397 and baptised in the church there on the same day [19]. After the death of his father in 1408, his lands were entrusted to Sir Robert Harbottle.

The inquisition for his proof of age was taken at Newcastle on 6 June 1418 and on 10 February 1419, the escheator in Northumberland was ordered to take the fealty of William Heron, son and heir of John Heron, and to give him seisin of his father's land [20].

William Heron married before 1418, Isabel, whose parentage is unknown.

On 1 September 1425, Sir William Heron of Ford, the second cousin of William Heron of Thornton, died leaving as his heir a daughter Elizabeth, aged three and no male heirs [21]. In 1337, Sir William Heron of Ford had entailed Ford on his male heirs. William Heron of Thornton was Sir William’s closest male relative and thus inherited the manor and castle of Ford. Between late 1425 and his death in early 1428, he became known as William Heron of Ford, a source of confusion in many histories of the family. He was however, never knighted.

William Heron of Ford was killed in a skirmish between his men and those of his neighbour Sir John Manners of Etal on 20 January 1428 when he was aged 30.

The inquisition post mortem for William Heron of Ford, for the lands which he held of the Bishop of Durham, was held at Norham on 22 January 1428, which found that his heir was John his son, aged 13 [22]. On 8 February 1428, the king commissioned Robert Umfraville, knight, William Tempest, knight, William Elmeden, knight, William Lampton, esquire, Emery Heryng and Robert Lampton, and to any two or more of them., including either Heryng or Robert Lampton, to enquire by sworn inquest of the county of Northumberland, as to the malefactors who lately slew William Heron, esquire, and Robert Atkynson his servant, and into the circumstances of the deed [23].

The inquisition post mortem of William Heron, esquire for the lands which he held in chief of the king was taken at Alnwick on 18 June 1428 which found that he died on 20 January 1428 and that his heir was John, his son, “aged 10 and no more.” He held the castle and two-thirds of the manor of Ford as well as other lands in Northumberland including, two thirds of 1/4 manor of Whittingham with the hamlets of Barton and Thrunton [24]. Presumably the other third of Ford was held in dower by Isabel, the widow of Sir William Heron and the other third of Whittingham was held in dower by Katherine, William Heron esquire’s mother.

His widow Isabel had assignment of dower on 22 April 1429 [25].

John Heron of Ford

John son of William Heron of Ford was born about 1418. His father died in January 1428 and custody of his lands and his marriage were granted to Henry Percy, earl of Northumberland, William Carnaby and Henry Trollope on 14 September 1428 [26].

He married, it is said, by a papal dispensation dated 11 July 1438, Elizabeth, daughter of Sir William Heron of Ford, his third cousin [27]. Although Raine says that they had a dispensation for marriage and gives the date, I can find no record of it in the surviving papal registers.

There does not appear to have been any writ for the inquisition of John’s proof of age around 1439-40, but John and Elizabeth took possession of their lands when he reached maturity, without licence from the king. Nine years later, they received a royal pardon for this. The entry in the Patent Rolls states that on 4 July 1449. “Pardon to John Heron, esquire, son of William Heron, late of Ford, and to Elizabeth his wife, daughter of William Heron, knight, of all entries and intrusions made by them into their inheritances or any lands or possessions without suing livery thereof out of the king's hands, and of all felonies, misprisions and contempts, accounts, debts, prests, arrears of accounts, impeachments and respites, and all actions and demands which the king could have against them” [28].

John Heron of Thornton and Ford held various posts under Henry VI, he was appointed  as constable of Bamburgh castle on 7 February 1438 [29], when presumably he was of age. He was appointed receiver-general of the castle and lordship of Bamburgh on 18 May 1449 [30]. On 17 July 1459, the office of constable of Bamburgh castle was granted to John Heron of Ford, knight, and Roger his son [31]. He was escheator in Northumberland in 1439-40 [32], sheriff in 1440-41,  1451-52,  and 1456-7 and M.P. in 1442, 1447 and  1449 [33].

He fought for Henry VI at the battle of Towton, Yorkshire on 29 March 1461, where he probably died. On 2 May 1461, Robert Ogle, knight, was commissioned to take into the king’s hands his castle of Harebotell and lordship of Reddesdale and also the castle of Forde and other possessions late of John Heron of Forde, knight, deceased, and to seize Roger, son and heir of John, and keep the same; and to crush any of the county of Northumberland who may resist [34].

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[1] James Raine, The History and Antiquities of North Durham (London, 1852), 305.

[2] CP 25/1/181/12, number 52.

[3] Calendar of Inquisitions Post Mortem, vol. 9, Edward III (1916), No. 454.

[4] Calendar of Inquisitions Post Mortem, vol. 9, Edward III (1916), No. 417.

[5] CP 25/1/181/13, number 148.

[6] List of Inquisitions ad Quod Damnum, Part II, Lists and Indexes, 22 (1906), 579

[7] Charles Purton Cooper, ed., Appendix to a Report on Rymer's Foedora, vol. 3. (1869), 49.

[8] Calendar of Inquisitions Miscellaneous (Chancery), vol. 3 (1937), 186, No. 501.

[9] Calendar of Close Rolls, Edward III: vol. 12: 1364-1369 (1910), 84.

[10] Calendar of Fine Rolls, vol. 7, Edward III: 1356-1358 (1923), 334.

[11] Calendar of Patent Rolls, Richard II, vol. 1: 1377-1381 (1895), 311.

[12] Calendar of Fine Rolls, vol. 9, Richard II: 1377-1383 (1926), 144

[13] Archaeologica Aeliana, Third Series, vol. 6 (Newcastle: 1910), 63, citing de Banco, R. 484, m. 96.

[14] L. C. Hector, ed., Year Books of Richard II.: 8-10 Richard II, 1385-1387, Ames Foundation, 1987, 96-8.

[16] Grant S. Simpson and James D. Galbraith, eds., Calendar of Documents Relating to Scotland Preserved in the Public Record Office, vol. 5, 1968, 536.

[17] Calendar of Inquisitions Post Mortem, vol. 19, No. 504.

[18] Calendar of Close Rolls, Henry IV: vol. 4: 1409-1413 (1932), 274.

[19] J.C. Hodgson, 'Proofs of Age of heirs to estates in Northumberland in the reigns of Henry IV, Henry V and Henry VI', Archaeologia Aeliana, vol. 22 (1900), 122.

[20] Calendar of Close Rolls, Henry V: vol. 1: 1413-1419 (1929), 498

[21] Forty-Fifth Annual Report of the Deputy Keeper of the Public Records (1885), Appendix I, 220.

[22] Forty-Fifth Annual Report of the Deputy Keeper of the Public Records (1885), Appendix I, 220.

[23] Calendar of Patent Rolls, Henry VI, vol. 1: 1422-1429 (1901), 467.

[24] Calendar of Inquisitions Post Mortem, vol. 23, 6-10 Henry VI: 1427-1432 (2004), 8, No. 17

[25] Calendar of Close Rolls, Henry VI: volume 1: 1422-1429 (1933), 431

[26] Calendar of Fine Rolls, vol. 15, Henry VI: 1422-1430 (1935), 241

[27] Raine, The History and Antiquities of North Durham, 305.

[28] Calendar of Patent Rolls, Henry VI, vol. 5: 1446-1452 (1909), 259

[29] Calendar of Patent Rolls, Henry VI, vol. 3: 1436-1441 (1907), 179

[30] Calendar of Patent Rolls, Henry VI, vol. 5: 1446-1452 (1909), 247

[31] Calendar of Patent Rolls, Henry VI, vol. 6: 1454-1461 (1947), 512

[32] Calendar of Fine Rolls, vol. 17, Henry VI: 1437-1445 (1937), 130

[33] Josiah C. Wedgewood, History of Parliament, Biographies of the Members of the Commons House, 1439-1509 (London: HMSO, 1936), 446.

[34] Calendar of Patent Rolls, Edward IV, vol. 1: 1461-1467 (1897), 29

The Family of William de Felton I

Recently I have been looking at the family of Felton of Edlingham, Northumberland. I have found quite a few erroneous statements in print concerning the family of the first Sir William de Felton who died on 5 April 1327.

There seems to be some confusion regarding his wives. The facts are straightforward. William de Felton had two wives and they were both named Constance. He did not have a wife named Eustancia. This is simply a mis-reading of Cunstancia or Constance.

His first wife was Constance de Pontop who was one of the heirs of Philip de Oldcoates (Ulecote). In 1200, Philip de Oldcoates of Oldcoates and Stirap, Nottinghamshire married Joan, sister-in-law of Sewal fitz Henry, a royal official. In 1209, King John granted to Philip Sewal’s lands in Northumberland which had escheated to the Crown after Sewal’s death, to hold by the service of sergeantry of being the king’s forester and the custodian of the pleas of the Crown in Northumberland. These lands were in Nafferton, West Matfen, and Lorbottle with some rents in Newcastle-upon-Tyne. Philip de Oldcoates was sheriff of Northumberland in 1214-16 and again in 1216-20; custodian of the bishopric of Durham in 1217; he was appointed seneschal of Poitou on 16 September 1220 and was reported to be dead on 30 October 1220 [1]. After Philip’s death, his property in Northumberland was divided between his five sisters and their husbands [2]. It appears that Alice, one the sisters, who was unmarried in 1221, married Laurence de Pontop, of Pontop, Durham. Laurence held some position in the bishopric of Durham, probably the bishop’s forester. Laurence died some time before 1250, leaving two sons, Thomas and Robert.

Isabel de Oldcoates, another of the sisters and heirs of Philip de Oldcoates, married Thomas de Sturton of Sturton-le-Steeple, Nottinghamshire. After the death of Thomas de Sturton without children, his widow Isabel gave her share of her brother’s lands to her nephew Thomas de Pontop. On 24 February 1253, the king confirmed the lands given by Isabel de Sturton to Thomas de Pontop [3]. Thomas de Pontop died shortly before 21 September 1265, seised of lands in Matfen, Nafferton and Lorbottle, and leaving two infant daughters, Constance aged two and Isabel aged one [4].

Constance de Pontop married William de Felton some time before 27 July 1284, when the sheriff of Northumberland was ordered to respite the demand by summons of the Exchequer against William de Felton and Constance his wife for the debt of Philip de Hulcotis (Oldcoates) until the quinzaine of Michaelmas next [5]. When Philip de Oldcoates died in 1220 he owed money to the Crown, and more than sixty years later, the Exchequer was still chasing his heirs for payment.

William and Constance either bought or were granted other lands in Matfen, Nafferton and Lorbottle by some of the other heirs of Philip de Oldcoates. By a fine at Westminster, dated 25 June 1285, Robert de Pontop granted seven messuages and 100 acres of land in West Matfen to William de Felton and Constance his wife and their heirs, with reversion to Robert on the failure of heirs of the marriage [6]. Thomas de Blyth, a descendant of Margery another of the sisters of Philip de Oldcoates granted William de Felton and Constance his wife, all his lands in the towns of Matfen, West Nafferton and Lorbottle which was confirmed by Edward I in June 1291 [7].

By Constance de Pontop, William had at least five children:

• John, who had letters of protection going to Scotland with his father in May 1303 [8]. He died v.p. before 24 June 1315
• Robert who also died v.p. about 1319
• William II, eldest surviving son and heir, who died on 21 September 1358.
• Alice, who married Robert Delaval of Seaton Delaval, Northumberland (d. 19 August 1353 [9]).
• Eleanor, who married John de Fenwick.

By a fine at Westminster dated 21 June 1316, William de Felton granted to Robert de Felton (his son) the manors of Edlingham, Northumberland and Boddington, Northamptonshire. Robert recognised William's  right and granted the manors to William de Felton, for life with remainder to William his son, with successive remainders to Robert de la Vale and Alice his wife and her heirs male; to John de Fenwyke and Eleanor his wife and her heirs male; and to the right heirs of William de Felton [10].

The 1316 grant by William to Robert was made after the death of the eldest son John. The reversion to his sisters indicates that his brother John had died before this date. Adam of Monmouth records that in 1307, two brothers, J[ohn] and R[obert] de Felton detained William de Langton, bishop of Coventry and took him to York. He says that the brothers afterwards suffered bad deaths [11]. It is difficult in the records to distinguish this Robert and John from Sir Robert de Felton of Litcham, Norfolk (the presumed brother of Sir William de Felton) and his son John. Sir Robert de Felton of Litcham died at Bannockburn in 1314,

It is not certain when Constance de Pontop died, but William married secondly, probably in the early 1300’s, another Constance. By her, he had three daughters, two of whom were married in 1328 [12]:

• Margaret, who married Robert Bertram of Bothal (31 Mar 1307 - 21 Nov 1363 [13]).
• Elizabeth.
• Constance, who married Robert Strelley of Strelley, Nottinghamshire (died 9 Dec 1353 [14]).

Constance, the second wife of William de Felton predeceased her husband. He died on 5 April (Palm Sunday) 1327. The writ of diem clausit extremum was issued to the escheator on 23 April and another inquisition was called on 21 August 1327 to determine what lands William had occupied by the courtesy of England after the death of Constance his wife [15].

Unfortunately neither of these inquisitions has survived. The lands which William had occupied by the courtesy of England after the death of Constance were distributed to his three daughters in October and November 1328, but no description of the property appears to exist, so it is difficult to make a guess as to the identity of William’s second wife. However, it appears that the second Constance could also be a descendant of Philip de Oldcoates, as the descendants of Margaret de Felton were later holding lands in Lorbottle:

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[1] Calendar of Patent Rolls, Henry III, vol. 1: 1216-1225 (1901), 249, 269

[2] Calendar of Patent Rolls, Henry III, vol. 1: 1216-1225 (1901), 296

[3] Calendar of Fine Rolls, 37 Henry III, No. 466.

[4] Calendar of Inquisitions Post Mortem, Vol. 1, Henry III (1904), 193-4. No. 608.

[5] Calendar of Chancery Warrants, 1244-1326 (1927), 19.

[6] CP 25/1/187/7, number 44

[7] Northumberland Record Office, Swinburne (Capheaton) Estate Records, ZSW/167/3

[8] Calendar of Chancery Warrants, 1244-1326 (1927), 175.

[9] Calendar of Inquisitions Post Mortem, vol. 10, Edward III (1921), 102, No. 114

[10] CP 25/1/285/30, number 125, c.f. Calendar of Patent Rolls, Edward II, Vol. 5, 13.

[11] Thomas Hog, ed., Adami Murimuthensis Chronica, English Historical Society (London, 1846), 10

[12] Calendar of Close Rolls, Edward III: vol. 1: 1327-1330 (1896), 335-6

[13] Calendar of Inquisitions Post Mortem, vol. 11, Edward III (1935), 369, No. 487

[14] Calendar of Inquisitions Post Mortem, vol. 10, Edward III (1921), 83, No. 94

[15] Calendar of Fine Rolls, vol. 4, Edward III: 1327-1336 (1913), 36, 61

The Yorkshire Family of Salvain

Introduction

The Yorkshire family of Salvain rose to prominence in the fourteenth century, but their origins are obscure. There are many erroneous statements in print concerning their genealogy, due to confusion with another Salvain family which descended from Osbert Salvain of Cuckney who was sheriff of Nottingham between 1128 and 1130. I have endeavoured to trace the genealogy of the main line of the family, using contemporary documents, from early in the twelfth century until the death of Sir John Salvain late in the fifteenth century.

The Yorkshire Salvain family’s original land holdings appear to have been in Harswell, Croom, Sledmere and Thorpe-le-Street in the East Riding.

Silvan de Harswell

Silvan de Herswell of Harswell in Spalding Moor was probably the ancestor of the Yorkshire Salvain family. Sylvanus de Hersewella occurs in the pipe rolls of 1130 when he rendered an account of 1 mark in Yorkshire[1].

William Salvain I

William Salvain, probably son of Silvan, occurs in the pipe rolls in Yorkshire in 1165 when he paid a sum of 8s. 4d. representing five eighths of a knight's fee[2] and in 1168, when he was holding one knight's fee jointly with Guy de Ver[3]. Between 1165 and 1185, William Salvain, was a witness to a deed of Hugh, bishop of Durham[4].

William Salvain II

William, probably the son of William, occurs later in the twelfth century. Between 1185 and 1195, William Salvain and Gerard his brother witnessed a deed of William de Aton[5].

Between 1190 and 1210, William Salvain gave to St. Peter's hospital, York, a toft at Thorpe le Street (Ruhthorp')[6]. About 1205, William Salvain and Peter his brother witnessed a deed of Robert son of William Constable of a gift in free dower to his wife Ela daughter of Fulk de Oiri[7].

Sir Gerard Salvain I

Gerard Salvain, probably the son of William Salvain II, was born about 1200. He married twice. By his first unknown wife, he had a son named Robert. He married secondly, Joan de Baseville, daughter and co-heir of Hawise de Baseville (died before 28 March 1270) and her husband William Russel of Edlesborough, Buckinghamshire, by whom he had a son Gerard Salvain and two daughters.

In an undated deed, Gerard Salvain and Peter Salvain, witnessed a grant by Alan de Navelton to Peter son of William Salvain, for his homage and service, of two bovates of land in the territory of Croom[8].  The relationships between these Salvains is not apparent.

On 25 March 1235, Gerard Salvain was appointed one of the collectors of a tax of a fortieth in Yorkshire[9]. On 17 July 1235, Gerard Salvain and Thomas de Lucton were made collectors of an aid in the East Riding of Yorkshire[10]. On 17 November 1235, Gerard Salvain was made one of the king's coroners in Yorkshire[11]. In 1239, Sir Gerard Salvain was a justice and witnessed, at York, a charter of Monk Bretton Priory[12]. In 1251, an assize was summoned to recognise if Geoffrey Aguillon had unjustly disseised Gerard Salvain and Joan his wife of their free tenement in Beswick[13]. In 1254, at the inquisition post mortem of Robert son of Thomas de Greystoke for Yorkshire, Sir Gerard Salvain was holding 3 carucates in Thorp [le-Street] of the fee of St. Mary's, York, by 12d. rent[14].

Sir Gerard Salvain I died between 1254 and 1260.  His widow, Joan de Baseville outlived him for many years and died shortly before 4 July 1290. Her heir was found to be her son Sir Gerard Salvain [15]. Sir Gerard Salvain, son of Joan, died on 18 June 1296, when his heirs were found to be his two sisters, Joan, aged 30, wife of Adam de Thorpe and Nicola, aged 25, wife of John Eme of Dunstable[16]

Sir Robert Salvain

Robert Salvain, eldest son of Sir Gerard Salvayn I and his unknown first wife, was probably born before 1235. He married before 1267, Sibyl, daughter and co-heiress with her sister Agnes, of Walter de Thirkleby and his wife Letice and also co-heiress of her uncle Roger de Thirkleby who was a royal justice.

In 1260, an assize was summoned to recognise if Gerard Salvain, father of Robert Salvain, was seised in his demesne, etc. of the manor of Harswell on the day which he died. Gerard had given the manor to his younger son, Gerard II, a minor in 1260, who claimed that he was enfeoffed of the manor. The jury found that Gerard, the father had died seised of the manor, and that Robert was his son and heir and should recover seisin. Robert granted Gerard son of Gerard eight marks of land with appurtenances in Croom and all the lands and tenements which belonged to Gerard his father in Langton, to hold to Gerard and the heirs of Robert. If Gerard died without heir of his body, then the land will remain to his sisters, Joan and Nicola[17].

Robert and his wife Sibyl de Thirkleby, and her sister Agnes, wife of Sir William Preston of Preston-under-Scar, Yorkshire were involved in many law suits concerning the inheritance of the two sisters from their father, Walter de Thirkleby who died in 1266. Sibyl’s inheritance included the manor of North Duffield, Yorkshire. On 30 January 1267, William de Preston and Agnes his wife, and Robert Salvain and Sibyl his wife gave half a mark for an assize to be taken before Richard of Middleton[18].  On 30 October 1270, William de Preston and Agnes his wife, and Robert Salvain and Sibyl his wife gave 20s. for an assize to be taken before John of Reigate[19]. In a final concord at Lincoln, dated 16 February 1272, William de Preston and Agnes his wife, and Robert Salvain and Sybil his wife, quitclaimed to Thomas son of Lambert de Multon, their claim and right in 60 acres of marsh in Flete[20]. In another final concord dated the same day, Alexander de Montfort acknowledged the right of Agnes and Sibyl to of 13 acres of land in Sutton[21]. In 1280, by a fine at York, Cecily widow of John le Chamberlain quitclaimed her right in a third of a third of the manor of North Duffield to Agnes and Sibyl[22].

On 18 March 1284, Robert Salvain and his heirs were granted free warren in all their demesne lands in Harswell, Thorpe and Duffield, Yorkshire[23]. On 6 June 1286, by a deed dated at Harswell, Robert Salvain, knight and Sybil his wife quitclaimed to Gerard Salvain, their eldest son, all of their manor of North Duffield[24].

Sir Robert Salvain died between 1286 and 1288. His widow Sibyl survived him and was still living in 1294, when Sibyl and her sister Agnes granted 22 bovates in Kirkby Grindalythe to the priory of Kirkham to find two chaplains to celebrate daily in the Lady chapel of Kirkham for the souls of Walter de Thirkleby, father of Agnes and Sybil, Agnes, Sybil and Gerard, Sybil's son, and their ancestors[25].

Sir Gerard Salvain II

Gerard, eldest son of Robert Salvain and Sibyl de Thirkleby was born about 1265. He married Margery and died before March 1320.

On 21 November 1288, in a charter dated at North Duffield, Gerard son and heir of Robert Salvain quitclaimed to the prior and convent of Bridlington, all manner of services formerly due for two bovates of land with a toft, which they had of the gift of Bartholomew son of Peter Salvain in Croom, saving to Gerard, son of Gerard Salvain [his father’s half-brother], and his heirs two shillings yearly, to be paid by the prior and convent[26].

In 1289, Sibyl, widow of Robert Salvain granted to Gerard, son of Robert Salvain, two parts of the manor of North Duffield to hold at a yearly rent of a gillyflower clove at Easter. Sibyl also granted that a moiety of a third part of the manor, held by Robert le Chamberlain for life would after Robert’s death would remain to Gerard, together with other rent and lands in Thirkleby, Sledmere, Helperthorpe, Lutton, Swagethorpe and North Duffield, held in dower by Letice wife of Nicholas Wake (Sibyl’s mother) which would after Letice’s death, remain to Gerard[27].

In 1290, at an inquisition into knight's fees in Yorkshire, Gerard Salvayn was holding land in Thorpe with Harswell, Burnby, Market Weighton, Sledmere, and Croom[28].

On 15 February 1294, the king noted that Henry III had granted to Roger de Thirkleby, uncle of Sibyl Salvain, that he and his heirs should have a weekly market on Wednesday at their manor of Duffield, Yorkshire, and a yearly fair there on the vigil, the feast and the morrow of St. Laurence, and by another charter granted to Roger, and his heirs, free warren in all their demesne lands of the said manor; grant, out of special grace to Gerard Salvain, son of Sibyl Salvain, who has the said manor by quit-claim from the said Sibyl, that he and his heirs shall have the said market and fair; grant also of free warren in all the demesne of the said manor and of the manor of Millington by Geveldale, Yorkshire[29]. In 1300, Gerard son of Robert Salvain and Margery his wife sold 2 tofts, a mill, 14 bovates of land, and 10s 3d-worth of rent in Langtoft near Kilham to William son of John Mathew of Langtoft and Ellen his wife[30].

Gerard Salvain was summoned for military service against the Scots in 1296, 1300 and 1303. In 1302, he was one of the assessors of a tax of a fifteenth in Yorkshire. He was knight of the shire for Yorkshire in the parliaments of February 1305 and in 1307[31].

On 10 August 1303, Gerard Salvain, and his heirs were granted a weekly market on Thursday at their manor of Sledmere, and a yearly fair there on the vigil and the feast of St. Mary Magdalene; grant also of free warren in all their demesne lands in Holm in Spalding Moor and Lowthorpe, Yorkshire[32]. On 20 October 1303, Gerard Salvain had a royal licence to crenellate his dwelling-place of Harswell in Spalding Moor, Yorkshire[33].

On 2 September 1304, the constable of Dover castle and warden of the Cinque Ports was ordered to permit Gerard Salvain, knight, and Master Roger de Heselerton, clerk, the king's special envoys to parts beyond sea for the expedition of certain of his affairs there, to cross with their household, horses, arms and other things[34]. On 23 May 1308 he was appointed escheator north of the Trent, and held the office until 10 December 1309[35]. On 5 March 1311, he was granted the office of sheriff of York and keeper of York castle for life, however due to complaints about his conduct during the time when he was escheator and sheriff, he was removed from office on 1 October 1314[36]. On 12 October 1316, he received a royal pardon by ceding to the king the manor of Sandhall, near Skelton in Howdenshire, Yorkshire, and paying a fine of £2000[37].

Sir Gerard Salvain III died before 13 March 1320, when the escheator beyond Trent was ordered to take into the king's hand the lands late of Gerard Salvain, deceased, tenant in chief[38]. His inquisition post mortem found that his heir was Gerard, his grandson, (son of his son John), aged 12 years[39]. He also had younger sons named George and Gerard (of Burnby, near Pocklington, Yorkshire).

Sir John Salvain I

John, the eldest son and heir apparent of Sir Gerard Salvain III was born about 1285-90. He married, about 1307, Margaret, eldest daughter and co-heir of Robert de Ros of Wark, Northumberland who had rebelled against Edward I and forfeited his lands. John Salvain died in the lifetime of his father.

On 22 August 1311, John Salvain had a protection until All Saints, going to Scotland with Henry de Beaumont[40].

On 30 July 1312, the escheator beyond Trent was ordered to make partition of the lands of Robert de Ros of Wark, a Scot and lately a rebel against the late king, and to deliver one half thereof to John Salvain, who married Margaret the eldest daughter of the said Robert, retaining in the king's hands the pourparty of Isabella, the youngest daughter, who married John de Knoches[41]. John Salvain’s share of the Ros lands was the manor of Bellister in Tynedale, but this later reverted to the king[42], and the Salvain family never gained possession.

John Salvain died between 1312 and 1320, leaving a son and heir Gerard and a younger son George.

Sir Gerard Salvain III

Gerard, son of John Salvain and Margaret de Ros was born about 1308. He was found to be the heir of his grandfather Gerard Salvain III in 1320. He married before 1325, Agnes, daughter of Sir Thomas Gray of Heton, Northumberland (died 1344) and his wife Agnes, by whom he had sons, John (who predeceased him), Robert and Richard. He married secondly, Alice, by whom he had a son Gerard, born about 1360. Sir Gerard Salvain died on 1 August 1369, when his heir was found to be Gerard, son of his son John, who was 16 years old in 1373.

On 2 May 1320, the king granted the keeping of the manor of North Duffield, Yorkshire, which Gerard Salvain held by knight service which is in the king's hand by reason of the minority of Gerard son of John Salvain, grandson and heir of the said Gerard Salvain to William de Airmin, king's clerk (later bishop of Norwich)[43]. In 1325, Thomas de Gray of Heton made a petition for the lease of the manor of [North] Duffield which is in the hand of Sir William de Airmin at a nominal rent until the majority of the heir, who had married his daughter[44].

On 13 August 1328, Thomas de Gray, knight, George Salvain, knight, and Gerard son of John Salvain acknowledged that they owed to William, bishop of Norwich, 200 marks; to be levied, in default of payment, of their lands and chattels in co. York[45]. Gerard proved his age and was given seisin of his lands on 5 October 1328[46]. On 29 January 1330, Gerard son of John Salvayn acknowledged that he owed to William, bishop of Norwich, 20 marks; to be levied, in default of payment, of his lands and chattels in co. York[47]. On 16 April 1347, he was about to go with Henry de Percy for the defence of the march of Scotland[48].

On 5 December 1348, Gerard Salvain of Harswell, grandson and heir of Robert de Ros of Wark, petitioned the king setting forth that Anthony Bek, sometime bishop of Durham, had intruded upon and held the lordship of Wark in Tynedale and caused the manor of Bellister to be taken into his hands, pretending that the manor was a forfeiture of war, and gave the manor, to Brian son of Alan and Maud, his wife, in tail, which grant the present king ratified to Maud after the death of Brian; and praying that inasmuch as he has recovered the same against Miles de Stapleton of Cotherstone and John son of John de Grey of Rotherfield, heirs of Brian and Maud, by judgement in court, and has obtained seisin of the manor by virtue of such recovery, the king will ratify and confirm his estate therein; the king, for 20 marks which he will pay to him, confirms the same[49].

On 24 October 1349, Gerard Salvain was appointed as sheriff of Yorkshire and keeper of York castle and held the office until 22 October 1350[50]. He was also escheator in Yorkshire between the same dates[51].

In 1365, Gerard Salvain, knight, and Alice his wife, granted to Thomas de Osgodby, clerk and John de Bek, clerk, the manors of Ottringham, Burnby, Sandhall near Skelton, and Little Thorpe near Hayton: To hold, as to the manors of Burnby, Sandhall, and Little Thorpe, now; and as to the manor of Ottringham (which Richard de Ravensere, Provost of the church of St. John of Beverley, and John de Cotyngham, parson of the church of North Cave, hold for 13 years by the demise of the said Thomas and John de Bek) after the said term, to Gerard and Alice and the heirs of their bodies ; remainder to the right heirs of Gerard[52].

On 2 May 1369, Gerard son of John Salvain of Harswell knight owed £200 to John son of Geoffrey de Wandesford, Adam de Hedelay parson of Bolton Percy, John Bret, Ralph Lund and John parson of Harswell, to be levied, in default of payment, of his lands and chattels in Yorkshire[53].

On 20 May 1370 a commission of oyer et terminer was ordered on complaint by Gerard son of John Salvain, 'chivaler,' concerning the persons who had entered his manor at North Duffield and his free warren there and at Harswell, broken his houses, doors and windows, burned timber from the houses, hunted without licence in his warren and park, and assaulted his men and servants there[54]. Gerard must have made this complaint shortly before he died, but he was already dead when the commission was ordered.

On 15 October 1372, Thomas de Metham, John Dayvill and Robert Salvain were commissioned to find by inquisition in the county of York what lands and rents Gerard Salvain, 'chivaler,' and Robert Salvain, his son, both deceased, held of the king in chief in demesne and in service in that county on the days of their death, and what of other lords and by what service, what those lands and rents are worth yearly, when the said Gerard and Robert died, who is their nearest heir and of what age, who have occupied the lands and rents and by what title, and whether their heir is married or not, and if so, by whom and when[55].

At an inquisition held at York on 9 August 1373, it was found that Gerard Salvain died on 1 August 1369. His heir was Gerard, son of his eldest son John, who was aged 16 years. Gerard, son of his second wife Alice, was his heir for lands in Burnby, Yorkshire[56]. His son Robert was still living.

Sir John Salvain II

Sir John Salvain, eldest son and heir apparent of Sir Gerard Salvain III and his first wife Agnes Gray was probably born about 1327. Very little is known about him.  He married firstly, Emma, daughter of Sir Thomas de Heselerton of Lowthorpe, Yorkshire and Alice de Madingley his wife. He must have married again after Emma’s death, because after the death of Sir Thomas de Heslerton in 1365, his heir was his younger brother Walter de Heslerton and not John Salvain’s son Gerard.

On 23 May 1343, John, parson of Little Shelford, Cambridgeshire and Thomas son of Robert de Heslerton granted property in Sandon, Hertfordshire to Thomas de Heslerton, knight and Alice his wife, with remainder to John son of Gerard Salvain, knight and Emma his wife and the heirs of their bodies[57].

He was probably dead in October 1366, when after the death of Sir Thomas de Heslerton, William de York, parson of the church of Thorpe Basset and John de Alwarthorpe, chaplain granted tenements in Harpham, Auburn (in Carnaby), Fordon (in Hunmanby), Yorkshire, which John Salvain held for life, to Walter de Heslerton and Eupheme his wife[58].

Sir John Salvain died within the lifetime of his father and left a son and heir, Gerard by his second unknown wife, who was heir of his grandfather Gerard Salvain III. He probably also had another son, George, who married Elizabeth Mauley, co-heiress of the last Peter de Mauley and was the ancestor of the Salvain family of Newbiggin in the parish of Egton, Yorkshire.

Sir Gerard Salvain IV

Gerard, eldest son of John Salvain, was born about 1357. He was found to be the heir of his grandfather Gerard Salvain III by an inquisition in August 1373, where was was stated that he was sixteen years old[59].  He married Alice, (possibly Alice Saltmarshe) and died before February 1418.

He was probably of age on 21 October 1377, when by a deed dated at York, Gerard Salvain of Harswell appointed John de Saltmerssh, his brother, as his attorney, to distrain upon, dispossess and re-enter into all his lands, tenements and rents everywhere[60].

He gave evidence in the Scrope-Grosvenor trial in 1386, stating that he was twenty-eight years old and had been armed for nine years. He had served in the expedition against the Scots under the Duke of Lancaster in 1383, and again under the King in person in 1385[61]. On 7 November 1399, Gerard Salvain the king's knight was granted two tuns of wine yearly from the king's store in the port of Hull[62]. He took an oath of allegiance to King Henry IV in 1403, to hold no communication with Henry, Earl of Northumberland[63]. On 22 May 1405, the sheriff of York was ordered to arrest Gerard Salvain and bring him before the king. He was given a pardon on 27 June 1405[64].

Gerard Salvain died before 19 February 1418, when Richard, bishop of London, allowed the bishop of Durham to receive the vow of chastity of dame Alice Salvain, within the diocese of London[65]. On 24 November 1421 his widow Alice mentions a dispute between her and Roger her son, who had recently died overseas, concerning her dower in the manor of North Duffield[66].

Gerard Salvain left four sons, Sir Roger, Treasurer of Calais who died in 1420, Sir John Salvain of Harswell who died about 1451, Gerard Salvain of Croxdale, Durham, and Thomas Salvain. In 1403, Gerard, son of Gerard Salvain of Harswell was granted seisin of the manor of Croxdale and other lands in right of his wife, Agnes, daughter of Joan, widow of William de Resseby[67].

On 9 March 1425, Alice, widow of Gerard Salvayn, knight, who died intestate, was commissioned to administer his goods wherever they may be and in whosoever’s hands, rendering a true inventory and account of her administration to the chapter[68]. Alice was probably still living in 1444[69].

Sir Roger Salvain I

Roger, eldest son of Gerard Salvain IV and Alice was born about 1380. He married Maud Hilton, daughter of Sir Robert Hilton of Swine (d. 1400) by his first wife Isabel. He died before 14 November 1420, Maud survived him..

Roger Salvain, esquire was at the battle of Agincourt on 25 October 1415 in the retinue of the king[70]. He was one of the knights of the body of King Henry V., who left him in his will, dated 1415, £100 in gold[71]. Roger Salvain was knighted at Caen by King Henry V on 23 April 1418[72]. In July 1420, Roger Salvain, knight, of the diocese of York, and Maud his wife, noblewoman had a papal indulgence to have a portable altar[73].

Sir Roger Salvain, knight made his will on 26 October 1420 which was proved on 7 March 1422. He mentions his wife (unnamed), his son John, his son Gerard, his unmarried daughter Alice and his unmarried daughter Isabel, and Gerard, Thomas and John his brothers. He also left 40 marks to Ellen, the daughter of his brother Gerard[74].

Sir Roger left three sons; his eldest son and heir was Roger Salvain, who is not named in his will, his other sons were John and Thomas. His daughter Alice married Henry Wilton. His daughter Isabel Salvain died apparently unmarried. She made her will at Swine Yorkshire on 25 July 1429, desiring to be buried in the priory of Swine. She mentions her grandmother Alice, Joan the wife of her uncle, Alice her sister, Sir John Salvain her uncle, Roger her brother, Sir Robert Hilton her uncle and the lady of Swine, Joan Hilton[75].

Roger Salvain II

Roger, eldest son and heir of Sir Roger Salvain does not appear in his father’s will but is mentioned in the will of his sister Isabel. He was probably born about 1400. He married before November 1434, Margaret eldest daughter of John Bolton, alderman of York and his wife Alice Blackburn. Margaret is mentioned in the will of her grandfather Nicholas Blackburn of York in 1432[76].

On 12 November 1434, Roger Salvain, esquire quitclaimed to trustees, all his property in the manors of Harswell, Holme in Spalding Moor and Thorpe-le-Street, land in Ottringham in Holderness and a yearly rent of £20 in North Duffield held by lady Alice Salvain (his grandmother) by his gift for the term of her life, but not the tenement in North Duffield held by Thomas Salvain (his brother?)[77].  Three days later, the same trustees granted the same property in special tail to Roger Salvain, esquire, and Margaret Bolton, daughter of John Bolton, one of the aldermen of the city of York with remainder to Roger’s heirs[78].

Roger Salvain, esquire was a member of the guild of Corpus Christi, York in 1435[79]. On 17 July 1437, Roger Salvain, esquire granted the manor of North Duffield to John Bolton, citizen and alderman of York (his father-in-law), Robert Rudstane and John Johnson[80].

Roger Salvain died before 1 April 1440, when Henry Gascoigne, esquire administered to the effects of Roger Salvain of York, esquire[81].  Henry Gascoigne, a younger son of Sir William Gascoigne of Gawthorpe, married Roger’s widow Margaret. On 24 July 1450, Christopher Boynton, Robert Danby and John Thwing, demised to Henry Gascoigne and Margaret his wife, the manor of Harswell, with lands and services in Harswell, Holme in Spalding Moor and Thorpe-le-Street, which they had of the demise of John Bolton, late citizen and alderman of York, for the term of Margaret's life[82]. On 1 September 1450, John Salvain of North Duffield, knight confirmed to Margaret, daughter of John Bolton, alderman and citizen of York, now the wife of Henry Gascoigne, the manors of Harswell, Holme in Spalding Moor and Thorpe-le-Street, late in the seisin of Roger Salvain, deceased, for the term of Margaret's life[83].

Henry Gascoigne died before 25 August 1457, when the administration of the effects of Henry Gascoigne, esquire was granted to Thomas Sutton of Holme in Spalding Moor[84]. Margaret, widow of Henry Gascoigne, esquire made her will on 13 April 1471, wishing to be buried in her parish church of Saint Saviour, York in the tomb of John Bolton, formerly alderman of York, her father. She names as her executors Elizabeth and Anne her daughters, but does not mention any other relatives[85]. These daughters were by her second marriage to Henry Gascoigne because Roger Salvain did not have any children, as he was succeeded by John Salvain, esquire his younger brother.

John Salvain III

Roger Salvain, esquire was succeeded by John Salvain, esquire, his younger brother. Little is known of this John. He died on 4 May 1441, just a few months after his brother, without children, seized of the manors of Harswell, Holme in Spalding Moor, Ottringham in Holderness and North Duffield. His heir was his nephew, John Wilton, aged 16 and more, son of Henry Wilton and Alice Salvain, sister of Roger and John Salvain[86].

It appears that John Wilton adopted the name of Salvain. In 1444, Robert Neville, bishop of Durham granted to Robert Kelsey and Matilda, widow of William Fulthorpe, the manor of North Duffield and lands, etc. in the vill of North Duffield, lately belonging to John Salvain, during the minority of John Wilton, otherwise known as John Salvain, heir of the said John Salvain, on the surrender of the previous demise to Thomas Lumley knight, John Laton and Thomas Dale, esquire[87]. It appears that this John Salvain/Wilton died shortly afterwords and was succeeded by his great uncle, Sir John Salvain IV, brother of the first Sir Roger Salvain.

Sir John Salvain IV

Sir John Salvain appears to have been a soldier in France for many years. He married Eleanor Willoughby. In October 1442, Eleanor Willoughby (de Wylbi) dwelling in the city of Rouen, wife of John Salvain, nobleman, knight, bailiff of Rouen had a papal indulgence to have a portable altar[88]. Sir John Salvain was still serving as bailiff of Rouen in May 1449[89]. In 1450, Sir John Salvain confirmed the life interest of Margaret, Roger Salvain’s widow in Harswell, Holme and Thorpe-le-Street[90].  

Sir John Salvain died before 24 January 1453, when John Salvain of North Duffield, Yorkshire, knight alias esquire, was pardoned of outlawry for not appearing before the justices of the Bench to answer Eleanor Salvain, executrix of the will of John Salvain, knight, touching a plea that he render £40[91].

Sir John Salvain V

John son of Sir John Salvain married Margery, daughter of Sir Robert Danby, of Thorpe Perrow, royal justice, by a licence dated 26 November 1459[92].

He died shortly before 10 November 1481, when the writ of diem clausit extremum for John Salvain, knight, was issued to the escheator in Yorkshire[93]. On 19 January 1483, the administration of Sir John Salvain of Duffield, knight, who had died intestate, was granted to Theobald Blewett of Middleham and Hugh King of York[94].

On 16 February 1485, Thomas Knyfton, esquire, was granted the keeping of two-thirds of the manor of North Duffield, to hold from Michaelmas last during the minority of Anne the daughter and heir of John Salvain, late of Duffield, knight, at a yearly farm of £40[95].

Margery widow of Sir John Salvain made her will at York, which was proved on 24 June 1496. She wished to be buried on the north side of the church of the Grey Friars in York[96].

On 27 April 1486, the manor of North Duffield was granted to John Hussey and Thomas Ballard to hold from 25 August last during the minority of Ann, daughter and heir of John Salvain[97]. Anne married William Hussey, brother of Sir John Hussey and the manor of North Duffield descended in the Hussey family.

---

[1] Joseph Hunter, Magnum Rotulum Scaccarii, Vel Magnum Rotulum Pipae de Anno Tricesimo-Primo Regni Henrici Primi (London, 1833), 33.

[2] The Great Roll of the Pipe for the Eleventh Year of the Reign of King Henry the Second, A.D. 1164-1165, Pipe Roll Society 8, 1887, 52.

[3] The Great Roll of the Pipe for the Fourteenth Year of the Reign of King Henry the Second, A.D. 1167-1168, Pipe Roll Society 12, 1890, 90.

[4] William Farrer, ed., Early Yorkshire Charters; Being a Collection of Documents Anterior to the Thirteenth Century Made from the Public Records, Monastic Chartularies, Roger Dodsworth’s Manuscripts and Other Available Sources, vol. 2, 1915, 314, No. 988.

[5] Ibid., 2:321n.

[6] Charles T. Clay, ed., Early Yorkshire Charters, Vol. 12: The Tison Fee, Yorkshire Archaeological Society, Extra Series 10, 1965, 114.

[7] East Riding of Yorkshire Archives and Records Service, Chichester-Constable Family, DDCC/141/68/p22/a.

[8] W. P. Lancaster, Chartulary of Bridlington Priory (Leeds, 1912), 219.

[9] Calendar of Fine Rolls, 19 Henry III, No. 200.

[10] Calendar of Close Rolls, Henry III: vol. 3: 1234-1237 (1908), 189.

[11] Calendar of Close Rolls, Henry III: vol. 3: 1234-1237 (1908), 211.

[12] J. W. Walker, Abstracts of the Chartularies of the Priory of Monkbretton, Yorkshire Archaeological Society, Record Series 66, 1924, 219.

[13] Charles T. Clay, ed., Three Yorkshire Assize Rolls for the Reigns of King John and King Henry III, Yorkshire Archaeological Society, Record Series 44, 1911, 47–8.

[14] Calendar of Inquisitions Post Mortem, vol. 1: Henry III (1904), 83, No. 314

[15] Calendar of Inquisitions Post Mortem, vol. 2: Edward I (1906), 488, No. 804

[16] Calendar of Inquisitions Post Mortem, vol. 3: Edward I (1912), 206, No. 336

[17] Clay, Three Yorkshire Assize Rolls, 112–3.

[18] Calendar of Fine Rolls, 51 Henry III, No. 236

[19] Calendar of Fine Rolls, 55 Henry III, No. 4

[20] C. W. Foster, ed., Final Concords of the County of Lincoln: 1244-1272, Lincoln Record Society 17, 1920, 260.

[21] Ibid., 263.

[22] F. H. Slingsby, ed., Feet of Fines for the County of York, From 1272 to 1300, Yorkshire Archaeological Society, Record Series 121, 1956, 37, No. 56.

[23] Calendar of Charter Rolls, vol. 2, Henry III, Edward I: 1257-1300, 1906, 272

[24] Charles T. Clay, ed., Yorkshire Deeds Vol. 5, Yorkshire Archaeological Society, Record Series 69, 1926, 29–31.

[25] Slingsby, Feet of Fines Yorks 1272-1300, 110, No. 45.

[26] Lancaster, Chartulary of Bridlington Priory, 220.

[27] Slingsby, Feet of Fines Yorks 1272-1300, 89, No. 12.

[28] R. H. Skaife, ed., The Survey of the County of York Taken by John de Kirkby, Called Kirkby’s Inquest: Also Inquisitions of Knights’ Fees, the Nomina Villarum for Yorkshire, and an Appendix of Illustrative Documents, Surtees Society 49, 1866, 255, 260, 261, 272, 274.

[29] Calendar of Charter Rolls, vol. 2, Henry III, Edward I: 1257-1300, 1906, 435

[30] Slingsby, Feet of Fines Yorks 1272-1300, 140, No. 12.

[31] Francis Palgrave, ed., The Parliamentary Writs and Writs of Military Summons, vol. 1 (London: Record Commission, 1827), 826.

[32] Calendar of Charter Rolls, vol. 3, Edward I, Edward II: 1300-1326, 1908, 37

[33] Calendar of Patent Rolls, Edward I, vol. 4, 160.

[34] Calendar of Close Rolls, Edward I: vol. 5: 1302-1307 (1908), 169.

[35] Calendar of Fine Rolls, vol. 2: Edward II, 1307-1319 (1912), 22, 52.

[36] Calendar of Fine Rolls, vol. 2: Edward II, 1307-1319 (1912), 86, 97, 212.

[37] Calendar of Patent Rolls, Edward II, vol. 2, p. 554.

[38] Calendar of Fine Rolls, vol. 3, Edward II: 1319-1327 (1912), 19.

[39] Calendar of Inquisitions Post Mortem and Other Analogous Documents Preserved in the Public Record Office, vol. VI. Edward II (London: HMSO, 1910), 132, No. 233.

[40] Grant S. Simpson and James D. Galbraith, eds., Calendar of Documents Relating to Scotland Preserved in the Public Record Office, vol. 5, 1968, 458.

[41] Calendar of Close Rolls, Edward II: vol. 1: 1307-1313 (1892), 470.

[42] Calendar of Inquisitions Post Mortem and Other Analogous Documents Preserved in the Public Record Office, vol. V. Edward II (London: HMSO, 1908), 218, No 396.

[43] Calendar of Fine Rolls, vol. 3, Edward II: 1319-1327 (1912), 21, 42.

[44] C.M. Fraser, ed., Ancient Petitions Relating to Northumberland, Surtees Society 176, 1966, 165-6.

[45] Calendar of Close Rolls, Edward III: vol. 1: 1327-1330 (1896), 407.

[46] Calendar of Close Rolls, Edward III: vol. 1: 1327-1330 (1896), 327

[47] Calendar of Close Rolls, Edward III: vol. 3: 1333-1337 (1898), 186.

[48] Calendar of Fine Rolls, vol. 6, Edward III: 1347-1356 (1921), 20.

[49] Calendar of Patent Rolls, Edward III: vol. 8: 1348-1350 (1905), 221.

[50] Calendar of Fine Rolls, vol. 6, Edward II: 1347-1356 (1921), 171, 227.

[51] Calendar of Fine Rolls, vol. 6, Edward II: 1347-1356 (1921), 172, 228.

[52] William Paley Baildon, Feet of Fines for the County of York, From 1347 to 1377, Yorkshire Archaeological Society, Record Series 52, 1915, 107, No. 8.

[53] Calendar of Close Rolls, Edward III: vol. 13: 1369-1374 (1911), 84.

[54] Calendar of Patent Rolls, Edward III: vol. 14: 1367-1370 (1913), 427.

[55] Calendar of Patent Rolls, Edward III: vol. 15: 1370-1374 (1914), 241.

[56] Calendar of Inquisitions Post Mortem, vol. 13, Edward III (1954), 270-271, No. 307.

[57] CP 25/1/89/79, number 272.

[58] CP 25/1/288/48, number 667.

[59] Calendar of Inquisitions Post Mortem, vol. 13, Edward III (1954), 270-271, No. 307

[60] M. J. Hebditch, ed., Yorkshire Deeds Vol. 9, Yorkshire Archaeological Society, Record Series 111, 1948, 95, No. 238.

[61] N. Harris Nicolas, The Controversy Between Sir Richard Scrope and Sir Robert Grosvenor in the Court of Chivalry, vol. 2, 1832, 340–1.

[62] Calendar of Patent Rolls, Henry IV, vol. 1: 1399-1401 (1903), 79.

[63] Thomas Rymer, ed., Foedera, 3rd ed., vol. 4, 1740, part I, 53.

[64] Calendar of Patent Rolls, Henry IV, vol. 3: 1405-1408 (1907), 67.

[65] J. Raine, ed., Testamenta Eboracensia: A Selection of Wills from the Registry at York, Vol. III, Surtees Society 45, 1864, 323.

[66] Clay, Yorkshire Deeds Vol. 5, 34–5.

[67] Thirty-Third Annual Report of the Deputy Keeper of the Public Records (London, 1872), 79.

[68] Joan Kirby, The York Sede Vacante Register 1423-1426: A Calendar (York: Borthwick Institute, 2009), 53.

[69] R. H. Skaife, ed., Register of the Guild of Corpus Christi in the City of York (1408-16th Century), with an Appendix of Illustrative Documents, Surtees Society 57, 1871, 57.

[70] N. Harris Nicolas, History of the Battle of Agincourt and of the Expedition of Henry the Fifth into France in 1415; to Which Is Added the Roll of the Men at Arms in the English Army, 3rd ed. (London, 1833), 383.

[71] Rymer, Foedera, 4:part I, 139.

[72] James G. Clark, ed., The Chronica Maiora of Thomas Walsingham, 1376-1422, 2005, 428.

[73] Calendar of Papal Registers Relating to Great Britain and Ireland, vol. 7: 1417-1431 (1906), 335.

[74] John W. Clay, ed., North Country Wills Being Abstracts of Wills Relating to the Counties of York, Nottingham, Northumberland, Cumberland and Westmorland at Somerset House and Lambeth Palace 1383 to 1558, Surtees Society 116, 1908, 31–2.

[75] J. Raine, ed., Testamenta Eboracensia: A Selection of Wills from the Registry at York, Part I, Surtees Society 4, 1836, 418.

[76] J. Raine, ed., Testamenta Eboracensia: A Selection of Wills from the Registry at York, Part II, Surtees Society 30, 1855, 17.

[77] Hebditch, Yorkshire Deeds Vol. 9, 95, No. 239.

[78] William Brown, ed., Yorkshire Deeds Vol. 1, Yorkshire Archaeological Society, Record Series 39, 1909, 83, No. 224.

[79] Skaife, Register of the Guild of Corpus Christi in the City of York (1408-16th Century), with an Appendix of Illustrative Documents, 34.

[80] Clay, Yorkshire Deeds Vol. 5, 35, No. 66.

[81] Raine, Test. Ebor. II, 263n.

[82] Hebditch, Yorkshire Deeds Vol. 9, 96, No. 240.

[83] Ibid., 96, No. 241.

[84] Raine, Test. Ebor. III, 187n.

[85] Ibid., 187.

[86] Calendar of Inquisitions Post Mortem, vol. 25, No. 603.

[87] Thirty-Fourth Annual Report of the Deputy Keeper of the Public Records (1873), 187.

[88] Calendar of Papal Registers Relating to Great Britain and Ireland, Volume 9: 1431-1447 (1912), 317

[89] Joseph Stevenson, Letters and Papers Illustative of the Wars of the English in France during the Reign of Henry the Sixth King of England, vol. 2, part 2, Rolls Series (London, 1864), 583.

[90] Hebditch, Yorkshire Deeds Vol. 9, 96, No. 241.

[91] Calendar of Patent Rolls, Henry VI, vol. 6: 1452-1461 (1910), 7.

[92] Raine, Test. Ebor. III, 335.

[93] Calendar of Fine Rolls, vol. 21, Edward IV, Edward V, Richard III: 1471-1485 (1961), 213.

[94] J. Raine, ed., Testamenta Eboracensia: A Selection of Wills from the Registry at York, Vol. IV, Surtees Society 53, 1869, 116n.

[95] Calendar of Fine Rolls, vol. 22, Henry VII: 1485-1509 (1962), 37-8.

[96] Raine, Test. Ebor. IV, 116.

[97] Calendar of Patent Rolls, Henry VII, vol. 1: 1485-1494 (1914), 87.