Boynton of Sedbury

In 1855, James Raine observed that "Hardly one of the Yorkshire pedigrees is more confused and more inaccurate in its earlier descents than that of Boynton." (Test. Ebor., ii, 249n). Unfortunately, in the 160 or so years since Raine made this statement, nothing much has changed.

Most of the information concerning the Boynton family in print and online still follows the muddled antiquarian pedigrees which Raine criticised. I have endeavoured to use contemporary documents to try and trace the Boynton genealogy, which is not easy, as with a few exceptions there are no published inquisitions and very few wills in print. Firstly, I want to look at the Boynton family who resided at Sedbury in the parish of Gilling, since their pedigree is for the most part correct.

How this branch of the Boynton family came to hold the manor of Sedbury (or more correctly Over Sedbury) is a bit of a mystery. Sedbury was held by the Scropes of Masham in the fourteenth century Sir Henry Scrope was holding Sedbury at his death in 1392, and his son Stephen when he died in 1406. In 1427, Thomas Clarell, the younger of Aldwark (d. 1450) held Sedbury in right of his wife, Elizabeth Scrope, daughter of John Scrope, a younger brother of Stephen Scrope. [1] The manor then passed to the Boyntons, but by what means is not clear. Christopher Boynton was residing there in April 1444 when he made an agreement concerning a loan at Sedbury. [2]

Christopher Boynton (c. 1385 – 1451)

Christopher Boynton, the second son of Sir Thomas Boynton of Acklam, Yorkshire and his wife Margaret, sister of Sir John Conyers of Hornby, was probably born about 1385.

In Sir Thomas Boynton’s will, dated 18 July 1402, he mentions his sons Henry and Christopher, his wife Margaret, and her brother John Conyers. [3] After the death of Sir John Conyers of Hornby in early 1412, John’s feoffees granted the manor of Sowber (Solberge) to his younger son Richard, with remainders to his male relatives in tail. Among these relatives were his two nephews Christopher Boynton and John his brother, sons of his sister Margaret. [4]  Christopher Boynton was one of the executors of the will of John Conyers of Hornby. [5] Christopher first appears in official records on 30 January 1410 when he was appointed to a commission to enquire into illegal salmon fishing in Yorkshire rivers, together with his uncle, John Conyers. [6]

Christopher Boynton married firstly, before March 1420, Elizabeth. By a deed dated 1 March 1420, Joan, formerly wife of John Hasilbache, daughter of William St. Martin, of Hollym, and sister and heir of Thomas St. Martin, remitted and quit-claimed to Christopher Boynton, son of Thomas Boynton, knight, and Elizabeth, his wife, all her claim to the manor of Hollym in Holderness. [7] The connection of Elizabeth and the St. Martin family of Hollym is not clear. In June 1422, Christopher Boynton, donsel, and Elizabeth his wife, damsel, of the diocese of York, had papal licence for a portable altar. [8] Elizabeth was living in May 1435 [9],  but probably died soon afterwards.

Christopher’s second wife was Joan, who he married in 1436-7. In some pedigrees she is said to be a daughter of Robert Strangways of Ketton, Durham, or of Skelton but I doubt that he was of either place. Robert made his will at Sutton-on-Derwent, Yorkshire on 2 October 1444 and wished to be buried in the choir of the church of the Friars Preachers at York, next to Maud [Cheswick] his wife. He mentions his sons, Thomas, Robert, George and John, Eleanor his daughter, and makes James Strangways his executor. [10] Unfortunately, no daughter Joan is mentioned in the will, so there is no direct evidence that Christopher’s wife was a daughter of Robert. Robert was most probably a younger brother of James Strangways, Justice of the Common Pleas. In 1446, Robert’s sons Thomas and Robert had a lease of the manor of Ketton from the prior and convent of Durham, [11] so the elder Robert Strangways was not “of Ketton.” Whilst there is no direct evidence, it seems likely that Joan was a daughter of Robert Strangways. He and Christopher Boynton are often found together on commissions and acting as justices in the palatinate of Durham.

Joan’s first husband was Conan Barton of Whenby in Yorkshire. By him, she had five children who are mentioned in Conan’s will dated 8 April and proved on 24 April 1436. [12] By Joan, Christopher Boynton had at least four children, Christopher, his son and heir; Robert, god-son of Bishop Robert Neville of Durham who in 1444, gave Christopher an annual grant of 10 marks for Robert’s support; [13] Joan wife of Sir William son of William Neville of Thornton Bridge (d. 1484); [14] and Elizabeth wife of Sir Gerard Widdrington (d. 1471). [15]

Christopher Boynton died on 11 September 1451, holding in chief the manor of Castle Leavington, which he and Joan had been granted in 1444. [16] On 2 December 1455, Joan had licence to have masses celebrated in her oratory at Sedbury, and on 30 April 1463, she had licence to have masses celebrated submissa voce in the presence of her children and household. [17]  She lived her later years near Yarm, Yorkshire, probably in Castle Leavington. She made her will on 7 April 1486, which was proved on 7 February 1489, requesting burial in the choir of the Friars Preachers at Yarm, a house apparently favoured by the Strangways family. [18]  Her inquisition post mortem found that she died on 10 January 1489. John Barton, aged 21 and more, her grandson, was her next heir, and Henry Boynton, aged 21 and more, another grandson, was the next heir of the bodies of Christopher Boynton and Joan. [19]

Christopher Boynton (c. 1437 – 1479)

Christopher, son and heir of Christopher Boynton and Joan was probably born about 1437-8, so was aged about 14 at his father’s death. Unlike his father, he played little part in public life and there are few notices of him in official records.

Christopher married Agnes, daughter of Henry lord Scrope of Bolton (d. 1459) by his wife Elizabeth Scrope (of Masham). Most accounts of the family state that Agnes was a daughter of John, fourth lord Scrope of Bolton, but the will of John’s third wife, Anne Harling indicates that she was John’s sister.

Christopher Boynton, esquire, died shortly before 22 November 1479, when his inquisition post mortem was held in Durham, leaving a son and heir Henry, aged 8. [20] Agnes married secondly, Sir Richard Radcliff, K.G., a favourite of Richard III, who died with the king at the battle of Bosworth on 22 August 1485. The will of dame Joan Boynton of Yarm, dated 7 April 1486 mentions dame Agnes Ratclyff, her daughter [in law]. [21] Agnes was living on 28 August 1498 when Anne Harling, widow of John, fourth lord Scrope of Bolton mentions in her will, her sister [in law] Radcliff, to whom she bequeaths a "litell coffer of ivery." [22]

Henry Boynton (c. 1471 - 1531)

Henry, son of Christopher Boynton and Agnes was born about 1471 and was aged 8 at the death of his father. He married Isabel, only daughter and heiress of Bertram Lumley of Ravenshelm (now Ravensworth) and his wife Margaret, daughter of Thomas, lord Lumley. Henry and Isabel were married before 12 September 1482, when Christopher Boynton’s feoffees granted land and rents in Leventhorpe to Henry Boynton, esquire, son and heir of Christopher Boynton, esquire, deceased, and Isabel, Henry’s wife, daughter and heiress of Bertram Lumley, esquire. [23] Isabel was born about 1479, and was said to be aged 24 years in October 1503 at her mother’s inquisition. [24]

Bertram Lumley died before 15 March 1497, when Richard (Fox), bishop of Durham licensed Henry Boynton, esquire, and Isabel his wife, daughter and heir of Bertram Lumley, esquire deceased, to enter Bertram’s lands without proof of age.  In a similar document from William (Severs), bishop of Durham, dated 20 May 1502, Henry Boynton is called knight. [25]

Henry Boynton received a pardon on 4 July 1510, where he is described as, “Henry Boynton, knight of Over Sadbery, Sadbery, Castelleventon, Ingleby, Yorkshire, Ravenshelm in the bishopric of Durham, one of the executors of Agnes Radcliff, deceased.” [26]

According to his monumental inscription in Gilling church, Henry Boynton died on 7 January 1532. [27] He left an only daughter and heir Elizabeth. Isabel survived him and was living in September 1536. [28]

Elizabeth Boynton (c. 1500 - 1545)

Elizabeth, only daughter and heiress of Sir Henry Boynton was probably born about 1500. She married firstly, Henry Gascoigne, second son of Sir William Gascoigne of Gawthorpe, Yorkshire. Exactly which William Gascoigne was his father is unclear, but on chronological grounds it was probably the William Gascoigne who died in October 1551.

Henry Gascoigne died before June 1543 and Elizabeth married secondly, Sir Thomas Hilton of Hilton, as his fourth wife. She died on 23 May 1545, leaving a son and heir Henry Gascoigne, aged 28. [29]

The Gascoignes remained in possession of Sedbury till the time of Charles I, when the estates passed by marriage to the Wyvilles of Burton Constable.

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[1] Feet of Fines: CP 25/1/280/155, number 34.

http://www.medievalgenealogy.org.uk/fines/abstracts/CP_25_1_280_155.shtml#34

[2] William Brown, ed., Yorkshire Deeds, vol. 3, Yorkshire Archaeological Society, 63 (1922), 22.

[3] James Raine, ed., Testamenta Eboracensia, part 1, Surtees Society, 4 (1836), 286.

[4] William Brown, ed., Yorkshire Deeds, vol. 3, Yorkshire Archaeological Society, Record Series, 63 (1922), 133, no. 386.

[5] Durham Cathedral Muniments: Miscellaneous Charters, Misc.Ch. 6002.

[6] Calendar of Patent Rolls, Henry IV, vol. 4: 1408-1413 (1909), 179.

[7] G. Wrottesley, Pedigrees from the Plea Rolls (1905), 390.

[8] Calendar of Papal Registers Relating To Great Britain and Ireland, vol. 7: 1417-1431 (1906), 323.

[9] Feet of Fines: CP 25/1/280/157, number 28.

http://www.medievalgenealogy.org.uk/fines/abstracts/CP_25_1_280_157.shtml#28

[10] James Raine, ed., Testamenta Eboracensia, part 2, Surtees Society, 30 (1855), 108.

[11] James Raine, ed., Testamenta Eboracensia, part 2, Surtees Society, 30 (1855), 128n.

[12] James Raine, ed., Testamenta Eboracensia, part 2, Surtees Society, 30 (1855), 216n.

[13] Thirty-Fourth Annual Report of the Deputy Keeper of the Public Records (1873), 181.

[14] William Brown, ed., Yorkshire Deeds, vol. 1, Yorkshire Archaeological Society, Record Series, 39 (1909), 218.

[15] Josiah C. Wedgwood, The History of Parliament, 1439-1509 (1936), 947.

[16] Calendar of Patent Rolls, Henry VI, vol. 4: 1441-1446 (1908), 280.

[17] A. Hamilton Thompson, ed., "The Register of the Archdeacons of Richmond, 1442-1477," Yorkshire Archaeological Journal, vol. 30 (1931), 115, 130.

[18] James Raine, ed., Testamenta Eboracensia, vol. 4, Surtees Society, 53 (1869), 14.

[19] Calendar of Inquisitions Post Mortem, Series 2, Henry VII, vol. 1 (1898), 165, no. 387.

[20] Forty-Fourth Annual Report of the Deputy Keeper of the Public Records (1884), 322.

[21] James Raine, ed., Testamenta Eboracensia, vol. 4, Surtees Society, 53 (1869), 14.

[22] James Raine, ed., Testamenta Eboracensia, vol. 4, Surtees Society, 53 (1869), 152.

[23] William Brown, ed., Yorkshire Deeds, vol. 3, Yorkshire Archaeological Society, 63 (1922), 74.

[24] Forty-Fourth Annual Report of the Deputy Keeper of the Public Records (1884), 452.

[25] H. E. Bell. ed., "Calendar of Deeds given to the Society by Lord Ravensworth," Archaeologica Aeliana, Fourth Series, vol. 16 (1939), 65, 66.

[26] Letters and Papers, Foreign and Domestic, Henry VIII, vol. 1: 1509-1514 (1920), 210.

[27] William Page, ed., A History of the County of York North Riding, vol. 1 (1914), 71-84.

British History Online http://www.british-history.ac.uk/vch/yorks/north/vol1/pp71-84

[28] H. E. Bell. ed., "Calendar of Deeds given to the Society by Lord Ravensworth," Archaeologica Aeliana, Fourth Series, vol. 16 (1939), 67.

[29] Forty-Fourth Annual Report of the Deputy Keeper of the Public Records (1884), 424.

Malbis Connections: Saint Quintin, Palmes, Fairfax and Beckwith

The family of Malbis (Malebisse or Malbys) had been in Yorkshire since the time of Henry I or earlier. I don’t want to give a long pedigree here, but I would like to show the how family died out, their heirs and some of their connections with other families.

In the early fourteenth century, the head of the family was Sir John Malbis who died shortly before 8 March 1316, when the writ for his inquisition post mortem was issued. [1] He is the last of the family for which a post mortem exists and it allows us to see the family’s main land holdings: - The manors of Acaster Malbis, Copmanthorpe near York, Scawton (Scalton) near Helmsley, and land in South Otterington and Little Ayton. As well as the land holdings shown in the inquisition, the family also held land in Muston, Filey, Hawnby, Sutton-under-Whitestonecliffe and the advowson of Newbo Abbey in Lincolnshire, founded by John’s ancestor Richard Malebisse (instigator of the murder of the Jews in York in 1190).

Sir John Malbis was succeeded by his son William, who was born about 1299 (aged seventeen in 1316). In 1341, Sir William Malbis was married to a lady named Mary (probably Sampson), who was presumably the mother of his children. [2] William and his wife had five sons and probably two daughters. The eldest son William married, by a settlement dated 31 January 1341, Isabel daughter of Sir Roger Bigod of Settrington by Joan his wife (this marriage is not mentioned in Complete Peerage). [3] The younger William died shortly afterwards, and Isabel married secondly before Easter term 1348, Sir Roger de Burton (who was born 21 September 1306, and died before 10 October 1359), of West Harlsey, Burton in Kendal, etc. She married thirdly, before 15 January 1360, as his second wife Walter de Faucomberge, Lord Faucomberge of Skelton, etc. He died on 29 September 1362. She died s.p., on 19 May 1401, having lived a widow for over 38 years, and was buried in Guisborough Priory. [4]

In Easter term 1348, a fine was made between William Malbis knight, plaintiff and Master Thomas Sampson, William Sampson, John de Sutton, parson of Acaster and William de Harum, parson of Hawnby, deforciants, of the manors of Acaster Malbis, Copmanthorpe, Scawton, Muston, Filey and Aton in Cleveland, and ten pounds rent in South Otterington. The manors, etc., with the homages and services of Roger de Burton and Isabel his wife which they held of the plaintiff were settled upon William Malbis for life, with remainders to Thomas, son of the said William Malbis in tail male; remainder to John, Thomas's brother in tail male; remainder to Richard, John's brother in tail male; remainder to Walter, Richard's brother in tail male; remainder to right heirs of Richard Malbys. [5]

The next eldest son was Sir Thomas Malbis, who married a lady named Isabel, by whom he had two sons, John and Roger who died young, and two daughters, Elizabeth and Margaret, the eventual heirs of the family whom I shall come to later. The next two sons, John and Richard died, probably in the plague of 1349. The youngest son, Walter, was a knight and in late 1363 after the deaths of his elder brothers, he went on a pilgrimage to the Holy Land. His father Sir William Malbis died in early 1365 and when Sir Walter returned from his pilgrimage a few months later, he was in for a surprise, because under the fine of 1348, he, as the last male heir should have inherited his father’s lands. But, Sir William de Saint Quintin of Harpham and Elizabeth his wife were occupying his lands when he returned to England. On 5 August 1365, Sir Walter Malbis and Sir William de St. Quintin came to an agreement. William said that he had entered the lands as the lawful heritage of his wife, supposing that Sir Walter was dead. [6] The term “lawful heritage of his wife” makes it almost certain that Elizabeth, the second wife of Sir William de St. Quintin of Harpham (died after March 1370) was a daughter of Sir William Malbis and that she considered herself her father’s heir when she thought that all her brothers had died.

In 1346, Sir Thomas Malbys (the second son of Sir William Malbis) was holding one quarter of a knight’s fee in Naburn. [7] Apparently, he or his father had been enfeoffed in this land by William son of Nicholas Palmes of Naburn. It’s possible that Thomas’ wife Isabel was a daughter or sister of William Palmes. On 20 August 1351, William son of Nicholas Palmes of Naburn murdered William de Grove of Naburn for which he was tried by the king’s justices and found guilty. To avoid the hangman’s noose, William Palmes claimed that he was a clerk in holy orders and was handed by the sheriff to the ecclesiastical authorities for punishment. Out of the frying pan and into the fire for poor William, because he spent the next fifteen years in the prison of the Bishop of Winchester. Sir Thomas Malbis died in early 1359, and his wife Isabel in 1360. Their two young sons John and Roger were also dead, so their heirs were their two daughters, Elizabeth and Margaret. In 1363, Elizabeth and her husband, John Herring petitioned the king to recover the manor of Naburn and the advowson of the church of St. George, Fishergate, York, as the inheritance of Elizabeth and her sister Margaret. [8] This had the perhaps unintended consequence that on 16 December 1363, the king ordered an inquisition into who had possession of the manor of Naburn and the advowson since William Palmes was convicted of murder in 1351, and for the sheriff to seize the property into the king’s hand as an escheat. The first inquisition in January 1364 reported that William Palmes had been siezed of the manor and advowson on the day that he committed the murder of William de Grove. [9] On 18 February 1364, as an interim measure, the manor of Naburn was granted at farm to John Herring and Elizabeth his wife until it should be decided whether the manor should belong to the king as an escheat, or to John and Elizabeth. [10] On 24 September 1364, the king granted the manor of Naburn to the king's esquire Walter Whithors to hold at pleasure. [11]

A further inquisition was held at York castle on 14 January 1365 when it was found that after 20 August 1351, when William Palmes committed a felony, Sir William Malbis had occupied Naburn until 11 November 1353. The manor was then occupied by Sir Thomas Malbis until March 1359, then by his widow Isabel until November 1360, then by Sir William Malbis as guardian and next of kin of Elizabeth and Margaret Malbis until November 1361, when Elizabeth married Thomas Redmayne. Thomas Redmayne had died before November 1362, Elizabeth occupied it until April 1363 and then John Herring, who had married Elizabeth, held it until January 1364 when the manor and the advowson were siezed into the king’s hand. [12]  William Palmes was finally released from prison and he obtained a royal pardon in May 1370, [13] although Walter Whithors had extorted an annuity from him in order not to obstruct the pardon. Later William complained to the king about Whithors waste in the manor and requested damages. [14] The Palmes family continued to hold the manor of Naburn until the 20^th century.

Coming back now to Walter Malbis, the last male heir of the Malbis family. No doubt childless himself, he knew that after his death, the Malbis name would die out and his inheritance would go to the descendants of his nieces Elizabeth and Margaret. Although there is no documentary proof of this, he came to an agreement with John Fairfax, rector of Gilling, Yorkshire and Prescott, Lancashire, that Walter would enfeoff John with all his lands and in return John would arrange the marriage of Margaret Malbis with John’s nephew and heir Thomas Fairfax, son and heir of his brother William Fairfax of Walton and that John would enfeoff another nephew, Richard Fairfax, brother of Thomas with the Malbis lands provided that Richard Fairfax changed his name to Malbis and carried the Malbis arms. The transfer of the Malbis lands to the Fairfax family was probably not so straightforward as I have suggested because on 25 April 1368, William de St. Quintin granted his capital messuage and land in Acaster Malbis to William Fairfax. [15] There is also a puzzling lease by William de St. Quintin on 19 June 1369, of a wood in Little Ayton, which was part of the Malbis lands, where the rent was payable, half to William de St. Quintin and half to William Fairfax. [16]

On 4 November 1369, John Fairfax granted his manors of Acaster Malbis, Copmanthorpe and Scawton to his nephew Richard Fairfax, with “the name and arms of Malbis.” [17] Walter Malbis was probably dead at this time. The last mention of Walter Malbis is in the inquisition post mortem of Ralph Bulmer, held on 3 June 1367, when Ralph was said to be holding a messuage and land in Lazenby of Walter. [18]

About 1365-6, Margaret Malbis married Thomas Fairfax, and by him had at least 5 children; William, Richard, Guy, John and Ellen. Margaret must have died before 1382, when Thomas Fairfax was married secondly to Margaret de Friston, widow of John de Clifton of Clifton near York and Sir Robert de Rocliffe of Helperby, whose will is dated 16 September 1381. [19] Thomas Fairfax made his will on 20 January 1395, proved on 26 January, in which he mentions amongst others, his wife Margaret, his brother Brian, and his brother Richard Malbis. [20] He left a son and heir Richard Fairfax, his eldest son William, who had married Constance Mauley, having pre-deceased him.

Elizabeth Malbis’ second husband John Herring died and she married thirdly, Adam de Beckwith. In July 1383, John Fairfax and Richard Malbis granted a share of the Malbis lands to Adam and Elizabeth, consisting of the manors of Muston, Filey, Hawnby, Sutton-under-Whitestonecliffe, South Otterington, and Little Ayton, with the advowsons of Hawnby and South Otterington churches. [21] In January 1384, Adam and Elizabeth de Beckwith quit-claimed all their rights in the manors of Acaster Malbis, Copmanthorpe, Scawton and the advowson of Newbo Abbey to Richard Malbis. [22] Adam de Beckwith died before March 1400, when Elizabeth’s feoffees granted her the manor of Muston and land in Filey, with remainders successively to William Beckwith her son; John Beckwith his brother; Ralph Beckwith his brother; Katherine wife of John Kellawe; Elizabeth sister of Ralph; Elizabeth Herring daughter of Thomas Herring; and the right heirs of Elizabeth. [23]

Richard Fairfax, who had changed his name to Richard Malbis married Isabel and died on 1 November 1401, holding the manors of Acaster Malbis, Copmanthorpe and Scawton and leaving a son and heir William aged 9. [24] His widow Isabel married secondly Nicholas Saxton and started a series of legal actions against Richard Fairfax, the heir of Margaret Malbis, claiming the manors of Acaster Malbis, Copmanthorpe and Scawton. [25] William Malbis, the son of Isabel and the last of the name, married Sibyl, daughter of Sir Alexander Neville of Thornton Bridge. Sir William Malbis died s.p. before July 1420, [26]  starting a new round of legal actions by his widow Sibyl, claiming the manors from Richard Fairfax. Sibyl died leaving a will proved on 4 October 1426. [27] And so the Malbis name disappeared from Yorkshire, leaving the Fairfax and Beckwith families holding the Malbis lands.

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[1] Calendar of Inquisitions Post Mortem, vol. 5, Edward II (1908), 362, no. 551.

[2] The Manuscripts of Sir George O. Wombwell. Bart., at Newburgh Priory, Historical Manuscripts Commission, 53 (London, 1903), 15.

[3] M. J. Hebditch, ed., Yorkshire Deeds, vol. 9, Yorkshire Archaeological Society, Record Series, 111 (1948), 1.

[4] Complete Peerage, vol. 5 (1926), 272-6, vol. 14 (1998), 318.

[5] C. V. Collier, ed., "Documents at Burton Agnes," The Transactions of the East Riding Antiquarian Society, 18 (1911), 56.

[6] C. V. Collier, ed., "Documents at Scampston," The Transactions of the East Riding Antiquarian Society, vol. 21 (1915), 25.

[7] Inquisitions and Assessments Relating to Feudal Aids, vol. 6 (1920), 223.

[8] Special Collections: Ancient Petitions, SC 8/51/2538.

[9] Calendar of Inquisitions Miscellaneous (Chancery), vol. 3 (London, 1937), 197, no. 538.

[10] Calendar of Fine Rolls, vol. 7, Edward III: 1356-1368 (1923), 281.

[11] Calendar of Patent Rolls, Edward III, vol. 13: 1364-1367 (1912), 18.

[12] Calendar of Inquisitions Miscellaneous (Chancery), vol. 3 (London, 1937), 200, no. 546.

[13] Calendar of Patent Rolls, Edward III, vol. 14: 1367-1370 (1913, 409.

[14] Special Collections: Ancient Petitions, SC 8/198/9867.

[15] J. M. Stanley Price, ed., Yorkshire Deeds, vol. 10, Yorkshire Archaeological Society, Record Series, 120 (1955), 3.

[16] C. V. Collier, ed., "Documents at Scampston," The Transactions of the East Riding Antiquarian Society, vol. 21 (1915), 44.

[17] J. M. Stanley Price, ed., Yorkshire Deeds, vol. 10, Yorkshire Archaeological Society, Record Series, 120 (1955), 4.

[18] Calendar of Inquisitions Post Mortem, vol. 12, Edward III (1938), 98, no. 125.

[19] James Raine, ed., Testamenta Eboracensia, Part I, Surtees Society, 4 (1836), 118.

[20] James Raine, ed., Testamenta Eboracensia, Part I, Surtees Society, 4 (1836), 204.

[21] Feet of Fines: CP 25/1/278/143, number 1.

[22] Feet of Fines: CP 25/1/289/54, number 104.

[23] M. J. Hebditch, ed., Yorkshire Deeds, vol. 9, Yorkshire Archaeological Society, Record Series, 111 (1948), 127.

[24] Calendar of Inquisitions Post Mortem, vol. 18, Henry IV (1987), no. 568.

[25] W. Paley Baildon, "Acaster Malbis and the Fairfax Family," Yorkshire Archaeological Journal, 19 (1907), 21-27.

[26] Calendar of Patent Rolls, Henry V, vol. 2: 1416-1422 (1911), 295.

[27] W. Paley Baildon, "Acaster Malbis and the Fairfax Family," Yorkshire Archaeological Journal, 19 (1907), 29.

Everingham of Rockley and Stainborough Updated

There were three main branches of the Everingham family of Yorkshire. The Everinghams of Laxton died out in the late fifteenth century, but two other branches; the Everinghams of Birkin and the Everinghams of Stainborough continued. The genealogy of the Stainborough branch is not well researched and there are many erroneous statements in print concerning the two men named Thomas Everingham, father and son, who served the Talbots, Earls of Shrewsbury in the fifteenth century.  The British medieval historian, Anthony Pollard says that it is probable that the retainer who fought with John Talbot in France was “the relatively humble Thomas Everingham of Stainborough near Barnsley, a near neighbour of the lord of Sheffield who died at the end of 1453”. [1] From which it follows that his son, Thomas Everingham of Newhall, Leicestershire was also of Stainborough, and not a completely different person as claimed in many accounts.

The Everingham Family of Rockley and Stainborough

Sir Adam de Everingham of Laxton and Everingham, hereditary forester of Sherwood, died on or before 8 December 1280, when he was succeeded by his son and heir, Robert aged 24, ancestor of the lords Everingham of Laxton.[2] Hunter says that Sir Adam had four sons, Robert, Adam, John and Thomas.[3] Of Adam and Thomas I can find no conclusive records, but John de Everingham, son of Sir Adam was the ancestor of the Everingham family of Rockley and Stainborough.

1. John de Everingham of Rockley (c. 1260 – 1302).

John de Everingham married Margaret, daughter of Richard Duket of Fillingham and Ruskington in Lincolnshire by his wife Beatrice [de Rockley?]. By an undated deed, Peter son of William de Rockley granted lands in Rockley, Worsborough, Birthwaite, Penisale, Walton, Pilley and elsewhere in Yorkshire to John de Everingham and Margaret Duket, daughter of Richard Duket, his wife. [4] In another deed Peter, son of William de Rockley, granted to Sir John Duket, rector of the church of Dene, all his manor of Rockley, with appurtenances, which manor Sir John had by the gift of John de Everingham, son of Sir Adam de Everingham, knight.[5]

In November 1286, John de Everingham was in prison at Nottingham together with his brother Robert and others for forest offences.[6] In April 1296 he had protection going to Scotland [7] and in December 1298 he was summoned to appear before the king’s council at York.[8]

John de Everingham made his will on 17 November 1302, requesting burial at Laxton and leaving all his animals at Ruskington to Lady Beatrice Duket. He mentions his nephew Adam [son of Robert his brother] and sister Alice. He left his armour to his son Adam and to his daughter Elizabeth, he left the wardship of Richard de Rockley.[9] At his death, he was holding lands in Rockley and other places in Yorkshire as well as in Fillingham and Ruskington, Lincolnshire. It should be noted that he did not hold the manor of Stainborough, which had been granted by his father to his sister Margery when she married Robert de Percy III of Wharram Percy, Yorkshire.[10]

2. Sir Adam de Everingham of Rockley (c. 1295 – 1379)

Adam son of John de Everingham was probably born about 1295. He was still a minor in 1313 when he claimed a messuage and land in Stainborough from Thomas Saville.[11]  On 19 October 1317, Adam son of John de Everyngham gave a bond of £40 of silver to Hugh de Staynburgh and Amice his wife, and their heirs, payable whenever his heir should seek to recover from Hugh and Amice the lands and tenements in Stainborough they had of the grant of John de Everiingham, his father. [12] Of his early life not much information is available. His first wife is said to have been of the family of Greystoke. In August 1341, Adam de Everingham of Rockley, knight, presented to the church of Naseby in Northamptonshire.[13] This presentation may have been in right of his first wife.

By his first wife, he had a son and heir apparent John, who married Alice, daughter of Sir Thomas Neville of Rolleston and who predeceased his father, and two daughters, Margaret who married Sir William Fraunk [of Grimsby?] and Katherine who married Richard Torney. Adam married secondly, about 1340, Isabel, widow of nn de Stainton. By Isabel, he had three sons, Hugh, William and Thomas, and a daughter Isabel, who married Walter de Burton. [14]

On 4 June 1346, shortly before setting out on the Crecy campaign, Adam de Everingham of Rockley made a will in which he desired to be buried at Fillingham and making his son John his general heir. He left £50 each to his daughters Margaret and Katherine and £20 to his son Hugh by Isabel de Stainton. He also mentions his mother Margaret.[15] In July 1346 he joined the king at Portsmouth with two men-at-arms, however he became gravely ill and was allowed to return home. He later recovered and joined the king at the siege of Calais probably in late 1346 or 1347.[16]

In 1348, Eustache de Percy, granddaughter of Robert de Percy III of Wharram Percy, and her husband Sir Walter de Heslerton granted the manor of Stainborough to Sir Adam de Everingham of Rockley and his heirs.[17] This grant was probably made after the death of Edmund de Percy, son of Margery de Everingham, who had held Stainborough for life by the gift of his mother.

Adam’s first son John died before November 1368, when Adam’s feoffees granted the manor of Fillingham to Adam and his wife Isabel, with remainders to Hugh, William and Thomas his sons.[18] On 3 September 1378, the manors of Rockley and Stainborough with other lands were settled on Adam de Everingham of Rockley and Isabel his wife, for their lives, with remainders in tail male to their sons, William, Thomas, and Hugh, and to William Fraunke and Richard de Burton, son of Walter de Burton, with remainder to John Torneye for life, with reversion to Walter de Burton in fee simple.[19]

Adam de Everingham lived to a great age. He was still alive in 1379, when he and Isabel paid poll tax in Worsborough, Yorkshire[20] but probably died late in 1379 or in 1380. Isabel survived him and was alive in 1389-90, when Hugh de Everingham released to his mother, lady Isabel, widow of Adam de Everingham, knight, and to his brothers William and Thomas de Everingham, and their heirs, all right in the manor of Stainborough.[21]

3. Hugh de Everingham (c. 1342 – c. 1390)

Hugh, eldest surviving son of Adam de Everingham succeeded his father. He was alive in 1390, but appears to have died shortly afterwards, when William his brother was his heir.

4. William de Everingham (c. 1346 – c. 1395)

William son of Adam de Everingham succeeded his brother. It is uncertain when he died, but he was succeeded by his brother Thomas.

4. Thomas de Everingham of Rockley and Stainborough (c. 1348 – c. 1411)

Thomas son of Adam de Everingham succeeded his brother William. In 1361-2, Robert de Westmorland of Stow St. Mary's, and Agnes his wife granted their lands, etc., in West Burton, Stretton and Grymthorpe-in-le-Clay, Nottinghamshire to Adam de Everingham of Rockley, knight, Isabel his wife, and Thomas their son.[22] Thomas appears to have died in or before 1411.

4. Thomas Everingham of Stainborough (c. 1380 – 1453)

Thomas son of Thomas Everingham was probably born about 1380 and was married to a lady named Margaret in 1411-12, when Thomas Warde of Stainborough granted to Thomas de Everyngham and Margaret his wife, the land he had from Thomas de Everyngham, father of the grantee, in Royston and a rent in Stainborough.[23] Margaret may have been a daughter of William de Melton of Aston, Yorkshire who died in 1399. In his will dated in 1455, John Melton (Margaret’s brother) leaves a gift to his nephew, Thomas Everingham of Newhall. [24]

Thomas became a retainer of John Talbot, First Earl of Shrewsbury, who as Lieutenant of Ireland, on 25 October 1415 (the day of the battle of Agincourt) approved the grant to Thomas and two others of the manors of Esker, Newcastle Lyons and Saggart, in Ireland.[25] On 20 May 1420, he had letters of attorney, going to France.[26] He was with Talbot at the battle of Verneuil on 17 August 1424 and served on the expedition into Anjou in 1425.[27]  On 7 December 1426, the king granted to Thomas Everingham, esquire, the office of constable of the castle of Dublin in Ireland, for his good service in France, Ireland and elsewhere.[28] On 14 March 1427, John Talbot appointed Thomas Everingham as his seneschal in the county and lordship of Wexford.[29] It appears that John Talbot later appointed Thomas Everingham as his steward in the manor of Sheffield, Yorkshire. On 3 August 1434, Sir Christopher Talbot, knight, Thomas Everingham the elder, esquire, and Thomas Soothill, chaplain, demised to Richard Oxprynge of Cudworth, for thirty years, lands in Cudworth, and other places near Sheffield.[30] Before 1441, Thomas was holding the Talbot manor of Painswick in Gloucestershire which he quitclaimed to John Talbot on 12 June 1441.[31]

On 1 January 1449, Thomas Everingham was one of the lieutenants of the earl of Shrewsbury at the surrender of Harfleur to the French, although this may possibly have been his son Thomas.[32]

On 8 September 1446, Thomas was one of the witnesses to the will of John Talbot, Earl of Shrewsbury.[33] On 1 July 1452, John, Earl of Shrewsbury, John Talbot, knight, Thomas Everingham, senior, esquire, and Thomas Everingham, junior, esquire, gave power of attorney to John Cobyn, their bailiff of Monyash and Chelmorton in Derbyshire, to demand, levy, distrain, and receive the rents and services due to them.[34] In the will of John Lord Talbot made at Portsmouth on 1 September 1452, before his last fateful journey to France, Thomas Everyngham is named as one of the executors and his yearly fee of £10 was granted to him for life.[35]

In most accounts, Thomas Everingham is said to have died at the battle of Castillon on 17 July 1453, together with his master, John Lord Talbot, Earl of Shrewsbury.[36] However, he must have survived the battle, perhaps wounded or captured, because the rather short will of Thomas Everingham esquire of Stainborough, is dated 10 November 1453, and was proved on 10 January 1454. He desired to be buried where God wills. After gifts to the church of Silkstone, he left the remainder of his goods to his wife Margaret.[37]

5. Thomas Everingham, of Stainborough and Newhall (c. 1410 – c. 1467)

Thomas Everingham of Newhall, Leicestershire, and Beverley, Yorkshire was probably born about 1410. His first wife was named Joan. On 14 September 1438, Thomas son of Thomas de Everyngham and his wife Joan granted to Sir John Talbot, Nicholas son of Nicholas de Wortlap, and John Ledes chaplain, the manors of Wickersley and North Lees in Yorkshire.[38] Before December 1442, he was appointed as collector of customs duties in Hull, and appears to have held property in nearby Beverley.[39] In April 1445, he was one of the “Keepers” of the town of Beverley.[40] It is possible that his first wife came from a Beverley family.

Through his second marriage, in late 1445, to Margaret Bugge, sister and heir of Baldwin Bugge, and widow of Richard Turville and Sir Reginald Moton (died 1445), Everingham became independently wealthy. In right of his wife, he held the manor of New Hall in Thurlaston, Leicestershire. On 4 November 1446, he was appointed as sheriff of Warwickshire and Leicestershire.[41]  On 22 June 1449, by a fine at Westminster, Thomas Everingham and Margaret his wife, granted to feoffees, the manors of Thurlaston and Wigston, and other land in East Leake, West Leake, Mackworth, and Litchurch. [42] On 6 February 1449 and 15 March 1453 Thomas was Member of Parliament for Leicestershire.[43]  On 15 June 1453, he was one of the commissioners appointed to negotiate for a loan to the king in the county of Leicester.[44]

In March 1455, he was confirmed as collector of customs duties on wool in the port of Hull.[45] Sir John Melton of Aston, Yorkshire, in his will dated 1 April 1455, left a bequest to his nephew, Thomas Everingham of Newhall.[46] Sir John Melton’s mother is said to have been an Everingham. In June 1456, Thomas Everingham, esquire and Margaret, his wife, sued William Maxse, knight, together with Ralph Cromwell, knight, deceased, for the next presentation of the church of Thurlaston, Leicestershire. The pedigree given in court shows that Margaret was the daughter of Edmund Bugge and Felicia his wife and sister and heir of Baldwin Bugge, who died s.p. Margaret's previous husband was Reginald Moton.[47]

In September 1457, Thomas Everyngham was a commissioner of array in Leicestershire and in October 1457, he and James Knyghley were appointed to arrest all ships and vessels in the port of Hull to serve against the king's enemies.[48] On 10 May 1460, Thomas Everyngham, esquire, for his good service to Henry V and the king in the wars beyond seas and against the rebels was granted the office of steward of Cottingham, Yorkshire forfeited by Richard duke of York.[49] The mention of Henry V, may refer to his father.

Some sources say that Thomas Everingham was killed at Towton in March 1461, but on 11 September 1461, Thomas Everyngham is named in the Patent Rolls as mayor and escheator in Kingston upon Hull.[50] He probably fought at the battle of Wakefield in December 1460, and because of this, in the first Parliament of Edward IV in November 1461, Thomas Everingham late of Newhall in the county of Leicester, knight, was one of those Lancastrians attainted and convicted of high treason.[51] This is one of the few references to him as a knight, which means that he was knighted by Henry VI between May 1460 and February 1461, possibly at Wakefield. On 6 March 1462, a warrant was issued for his arrest, together with many others.[52] Although he was attainted, and his lands confiscated, his life was evidently spared, because on 22 October 1465, Thomas Everingham late of Sheffield, Yorkshire, esquire, received a pardon of outlawry for not appearing before John Prysot and his fellows, justices of the Bench of the late king, when sued with Margaret Everyngham late of Sheffield, widow, [his mother] as executors of the will of Thomas Everingham late of York[shire], esquire, [his father] to answer a plea that they render £9 18s. 8d. to Thomas Goly, citizen and skinner of London.[53] The original Common Pleas case for debt was in Hilary term 1458 which is why Thomas is referred to as esquire. He died before Hilary term 1468 when John Smyth, executor of Joan Babthorpe, executor of Richard Leget of London, sued Margaret Everyngham, widow, of Newehalle, Leicestershire executor of Thomas Everyngham, esquire, and others in a plea of debt.[54] There is an inquisition post mortem in 8 Edward IV (1468-69) for Sir Thomas Everingham, knight, attainted. The only property mentioned is a messuage in Beverley.[55]

His widow Margaret died in 1474, when it was found that she was seised of the manor of Thurlaston called Newhall held of the king as of his duchy of Lancaster, and that John Turville her grandson was her next heir.[56]

6. Henry Everingham of Stainborough (c. 1446 – c. 1515)

On Henry VI’s brief return to the throne in 1470, those who had been attainted in 1461 had their lands restored to them and Henry Everingham came into possession of his father’s lands.  On 21 February 1476, Henry son and heir of Thomas Everingham of Staynburgh, co. York, esquire, gave power of attorney to Thomas Revell, to receive seisin of all the lands in Calvore and Bramelegh which his father had held jointly with John, Earl of Shrewsbury, and John, his son and heir, of the feoffment of Robert Staforthe of Eyam, Derbyshire.[57] In Easter term 1494, Henry Everyngham, esquire, sued John Rockley in a plea concerning fifty acres of arable land, ten acres of woodland and sixteen shillings worth of rent with the appurtenances in Worsborough, which Henry claimed in the king's court as his right and inheritance, and which the John has no entry except through Robert Rockley who granted them to him and who unjustly disseised Thomas Everyngham, father of the said Henry whose heir he is.[58]

Henry Everingham married Eleanor Wadsley, one of the three daughters and heiresses of Sir Edmund Wadsley, knight, and Alice his wife, of Wadsley Hall, near Sheffield. On 19 May 1497, William Harte, priest, was instituted to a moiety of the rectory of South Otterington by Robert Constable, son and heir of Marmaduke Constable, knight, patron by virtue of a grant by sealed letters patent from John Everingham, knight and Katherine his wife; Henry Everingham and Eleanor his wife and Robert Keyle and Elizabeth his wife, their wives being daughters and co-heiresses of Edmund Waddesley, knight, the original patron.[59]

Henry Everingham was named as one of the executors of the will of Thomas Wortley of Wortley dated 6 June 1514, together with John Everingham, parson of Sprotborough who was probably his brother. [60] Henry appears to have died about 1515, when he was succeeded by his son and heir Thomas. He also had a son Richard, “of Sheffield” who died before March 1536.[61] His daughter Margaret married John Wickersley of Wickersley.

7. Thomas Everingham of Stainborough (c. 1470 – 1516)

Very little is known of Thomas Everingham who died shortly after his father. He married Margaret, daughter of Matthew Wentworth of Bretton, Yorkshire. He does not appear to have taken any part in public life. According to Hunter, “Thomas Everingham of Stainborough esquire, son and successor, married Margaret daughter of Thomas [recte Matthew] Wentworth of Bretton esquire, and by his will dated the 24th of July, 8 Henry VIII [1516], enfeoffed Sir Thomas Wentworth knight, John Wickersley, James Longley, and George Lynacre in his manors, lands, and tenements at Stainborough, Rockley, Wadsley, and Worrall to the use of himself for life, and after to the only use of Margaret his wife, until such time as Henry Everingham his son came to the age of twenty-one.” [62] This will does not appear in the York register. Thomas Everingham died in late 1516.

Margaret married secondly, by licence dated 21 January 1518, [63] as his second wife, Sir John Burton of Kinsley in Hemsworth, Yorkshire.[64] Sir John died intestate on 22 November 1537 [65] and was buried on the same day at Hemsworth.[66] Lady Margaret Burton left a will dated 21 January 1540 at Hemsworth and proved on 28 June 1540.[67]

Henry Everingham of Stainborough (c. 1510 – c. 1559)

Henry, son and heir of Thomas Everingham of Stainborough is often confused with his contemporary and namesake, Sir Henry Everingham of Birkin who died about 1540. Henry Everingham of Stainborough was never knighted.

Henry Everingham was born about 1510. He married Muriel, daughter of Sir John Burton of Kinsley, his step-father, by his first wife, Muriel Bosville.[68] During his lifetime, he appears to have sold or mortgaged a lot of his property. He and his cousin, Sir Henry Everingham of Birkin, sold the manor of Thornton-le-Street (a Wadsley property) to John Talbot, a younger son of Thomas Talbot of Bashall, Lancashire. [69] It appears that he sold the manor of Stainborough Sir Thomas Johnson of Lindley in exchange for an annuity of £20 a year for his son Henry. [70] Henry and Muriel were both living in Easter term 1558, when they sold the manors of Wadsley and Worrall to Robert Swift, esquire. [71]

There is no information on when Henry Everingham died. Administration of the effects of Muriel Everingham of Stainborough was ordered on 3 December 1574. [72] Muriel is said [73] to have been the heir of her niece Dowsabel, daughter of her brother Thomas. Dowsabel married George Mille of the Isle of Wight and was still living, a widow, in May 1584, [74] so it is impossible for Muriel to have been her heir. In any case, there was probably not a lot of property to inherit. George Mille and Dowsabel sold the manor of Havercroft, Kinsley and other lands in Yorkshire to Sir Thomas Gargrave in February 1550 for £1,330. [75]

Henry Everingham of Barton on Humber (c. 1535 – 1611)

Henry Everingham, son and heir of Henry Everingham and Muriel was probably born about 1535. He changed his residence from Stainborough to Barton on Humber in Lincolnshire. He married, before 1542, Agnes, daughter of Sir Thomas Waterton of Walton, Yorkshire by his wife Joan, daughter of Sir Richard Tempest of Braithwell, Yorkshire. They had two sons Francis and Henry and two daughters Muriel, married to Richard Atkinson of Barton on Humber and Isabel who married John Proctor. Agnes was buried at Barton on 4 October 1570. Henry married secondly Maud (or Magdalen), who was buried at Barton on 24 October 1610. Henry Everingham was buried at Barton in February 1611. [76]

In 1556-7, with the assistance of his father-in-law Thomas Waterton, he was able to obtain the manor of Stainborough from Henry, son of Sir Thomas Johnson in exchange for the manors of Thornton le Street and South Otterington. [77] In April 1567, he and Agnes leased the manor of Old Hall, Rockley to William Walker. [78]

Francis Everingham of Barton and Grantham (c. 1570 - 1620)

Francis Everingham, son and heir, married Elizabeth daughter of Richard Moore of Grantham, Lincolnshire by his wife Godetha. [79] Francis and Elizabeth were married at Grantham in May 1588. Francis was buried at Bilsby, Lincolnshire on 23 September 1620. Elizabeth was buried in Grantham on 22 September 1635. [80]

In 1594, Francis Everingham sold the manor of Old Hall, Rockley to William Walker, [81] thus ending the connection of the Everinghams with Rockley. In June 1610, shortly before the death of his father, Francis Everingham sold the manor of Stainborough to Thomas Cutler of Falthwaite, gentleman for the sum of £3,250, [82] and so the Everinghams owned Stainborough no more. The Everinghams of Rockley and Stainborough became the Everinghams of Barton and Grantham, Lincolnshire, but I have been unable to follow their descent further.

---

[1] A. J. Pollard, John Talbot and the War in France 1427-1453 (1983), 76.

[2] William Brown, ed., Yorkshire Inquisitions in the Reigns of Henry III and Edward I. vol. 1, Yorkshire Archaeological Society Record Series, 12 (1892), 216.

[3] Joseph Hunter, South Yorkshire. The History and Topography of the Deanery of Doncaster in the Diocese and County of York, vol. 2 (London, 1831), 263.

[4] Exchequer: King's Remembrancer: Ancient Deeds, Series DD, E 211/723/F&G

[5] Hunter, South Yorkshire, 2:264.

[6] Calendar of Close Rolls, Edward I: vol. 2, 1279-1288 (1902), 404.

[7] Grant S. Simpson and James D. Galbraith, eds., Calendar of Documents Relating to Scotland, vol. 5 (Supplementary), 1970, 398.

[8] Francis Palgrave, ed., The Parliamentary Writs and Writs of Military Summons, vol. 1 (London: Record Commission, 1827), 588.

[9] William Brown, ed., Yorkshire Deeds, vol. 1, Yorkshire Archaeological Society Record Series, 39 (1909), 143n.

[10] CP 25/1/266/58, number 43.

[11]  W. Payley Baildon, "Notes on the early Saville Pedigree and the Butlers of Skelbrook and Kirk Sandal," Yorkshire Archaeological Journal, 28 (1926), 398.

[12] W. Brown, ed., Yorkshire Deeds, vol. 1, Yorkshire Archaeological Society Record Series, 39 (1909), 155.

[13] John Mastin, The History and Antiquities of Naseby, in the County of Northampton (Cambridge, 1792), 94.

[14] William Brown, ed., Yorkshire Deeds, vol. 1, Yorkshire Archaeological Society Record Series, 39 (1909), 145.

[15] William Brown, ed., Yorkshire Deeds, vol. 1, Yorkshire Archaeological Society Record Series, 39 (1909), 143n.

[16] George Wrottesley, Crecy and Calais, from the original records in the Public Record Office (London, 1898), 166.

[17] Feet of Fines, CP 25/1/274/118, number 43.

[18] Feet of Fines, CP 25/1/141/131, number 3.

[19] William Brown, ed., Yorkshire Deeds, vol. 1, Yorkshire Archaeological Society Record Series, 39 (1909), 145n.

[20] Yorkshire Archaeological Journal, vol. 5 (1879), 420.

[21] William Brown, ed., Yorkshire Deeds, vol. 1, Yorkshire Archaeological Society Record Series, 39 (1909), 155n.

[22] Exchequer: King's Remembrancer: Ancient Deeds, Series D, E 210/3925.

[23] Exchequer: King's Remembrancer: Ancient Deeds, Series D, E 210/4215.

[24] J. Raine, ed., Testamenta Eboracensia: A Selection of Wills from the Registry at York, Part II, Surtees Society 30, 1855, 184

[25] Patent Roll 3 Henry V, No. 162.
https://chancery.tcd.ie/document/patent/3-henry-v/162

[26] Forty-Fourth Annual Report of the Deputy Keeper of the Public Records (1883), App. 3, 637.

[27] Joseph Stevenson, ed., Letters and Papers Illustrative of the Wars of the English in France, vol. 2, part 2, Rolls Series (London, 1864), 394, 412.

[28] Calendar of Patent Rolls, Henry VI, vol. 1: 1422-1429 (1901), 383.

[29] Rotulorum Patentium et Clausorum Cancellariae Hiberniae Calendarium, Part 1 (Dublin, 1828), 241b.

[30] Chancery: Ancient Deeds, Series C, C 146/2946.

[31] Calendar of Close Rolls, Henry VI: vol. 4, 1441-1447 (1937), 155.

[32] Joseph Stevenson, ed., Letters and Papers Illustrative of the Wars of the English in France, vol. 2, part 2, Rolls Series (London, 1864), 629.

[33] J. Raine, ed., Testamenta Eboracensia: A Selection of Wills from the Registry at York, Part II, Surtees Society 30 (1855) 253.

[34] Isaac Herbert Jeayes, Descriptive Catalogue of Derbyshire Charters (London, 1906), 215.

[35] Transactions of the Shropshire Archaeological and Natural History Society, Third Series, vol. 4 (1904), 372.

[36] Histoire des règnes de Charles VII et de Louis XI par Thomas Basin, vol. 1 (Paris, 1855), 267.
   Vallet de Viriville, ed., Chronique de Charles VII, Roi de France, par Jean Chartier, vol. 3 (1858), 7.

[37] J. Raine, ed., Testamenta Eboracensia: A Selection of Wills from the Registry at York, Part II, Surtees Society 30 (1855), 168.

[38] Derbyshire Record Office, Gell of Hopton Hall, D258/45/21/1.

[39] Calendar of Patent Rolls, Henry VI, vol. 4: 1441-1446 (1908), 135.

[40] Report on the Manuscripts of the Corporation of Beverley, Historical Manuscripts Commission, 37 (1900), 64.

[41] Calendar of Fine Rolls, vol. 18, Henry VI: 1445-1452 (1939), 57.

[42] Feet of Fines, CP 25/1/293/71, number 345.

[43] Members of Parliament: Parliaments of England, 1213-1702 (1879), 339, 348.

[44] Calendar of Patent Rolls, Henry VI, vol.6: 1452-1461 (1910), 53.

[45] Calendar of Fine Rolls, vol. 19, 1452-1461 (1939), 105.

[46] J. Raine, ed., Testamenta Eboracensia: A Selection of Wills from the Registry at York, Part II, Surtees Society 30, 1855, 184.

[47] George Wrottesley, "Pedigrees from the Plea Rolls," Genealogist, new series, vol. 18 (1902), 238.

[48] Calendar of Patent Rolls, Henry VI, vol. 6: 1452-1461 (1910), 402, 405.

[49] Calendar of Patent Rolls, Henry VI, vol. 6: 1452-1461 (1910), 580.

[50] Calendar of Fine Rolls, vol. 20, Edward IV, Henry VI: 1461-1471 (1949), 3.

[51] Chris Given-Wilson, et al., Parliament Rolls of Medieval England (2005).

[52] Calendar of Close Rolls, Edward IV: vol. 1, 1461-1468 (1949), 55.

[53] Calendar of Patent Rolls, Edward IV: 1461-1467 (1897), 420.

[54] Court of Common Pleas, CP 40/826, dorse [AALT image 1029].

[55] Calendarium Inquisitionem Post Mortem sive Escaetarum, vol. 4 (1828), 346.

[56] Chancery: Inquisitions Post Mortem, Series I, Edward IV, C 140/49/21.

[57] Isaac Herbert Jeayes, ed., Descriptive Catalogue of Derbyshire Charters (London, 1906), 72.

[58] Court of Common Pleas, Easter 9 Henry VII, CP 40/928 m. 306.

[59] Eric E. Barker, ed., The Register of Thomas Rotherham, Archbishop of York: 1490-1500, vol. 1, Canterbury and York Society 69, 1976, 151.

[60] J. Raine, ed., Testamenta Eboracensia: A Selection of Wills from the Registry at York, vol. 5, Surtees Society 79 (1884), 54.

[61] Sheffield City Archives, Crewe Muniments, CM/633.

[62] Joseph Hunter, Hallamshire: The History and Topography of the Parish of Sheffield (1819), 272.

[63] J. Raine, ed., Testamenta Eboracensia: A Selection of Wills from the Registry at York, vol. 3, Surtees Society, 45 (1864), 369.

[64] W. Hylton Dyer Longstaffe, ed., Heraldic Visitation of the Northern Counties in 1530, by Thomas Tonge, Norroy King of Arms, Surtees Society, 41 (1863), 79.

[65] The Genealogist, New Series, vol. 11 (1895), 187.

[66] J. W. Clay, ed., Yorkshire Church Notes, 1619-1631, by Roger Dodsworth, Yorkshire Archaeological Society, Record Series, 34 (1904), 35.

[67] Register of Wills at York, vol. 11, fo. 421.

[68] Frederick Walter Dendy, ed., Visitations of the North: Or Some Early Heraldic Visitations of and Collections of Pedigrees Relating to the North of England, Part II, Surtees Society 133 (Durham, 1921), 169.

[69] J. W. Clay, ed., Dugdale's Visitation of Yorkshire with Additions, The Genealogist, New Series, vol. 23 (1907), 227.

[70] John W. Clay, ed., Testamenta Eboracensia: A Selection of Wills from the Registry at York, vol. 6, Surtees Society 106, (1902), 204.

[71] Francis Collins, ed., Feet of Fines of the Tudor Period, Part 1, Yorkshire Archaeological Society Record Series, 2 (1887), 213.

[72] Index of Wills in the York Registry, 1568-1585, Yorkshire Archaeological Society, Record Series, 19 (1895), 201.

[73] Walter C. Metcalfe, ed., The Visitation of the County of Lincoln, 1592 (London, 1882), 26.

[74] State Papers Domestic: Supplementary, SP 46/33/fo172.

[75] Nottingham University Library, Department of Manuscripts and Special Collections, Papers of the Monckton-Arundell Family, Viscounts Galway of Serlby Hall, Nottinghamshire, Ga 10,063.

[76] A. R. Maddison, ed., Lincolnshire Pedigrees, vol. 1, Harleian Society, 50 (London, 1902), 338-9.

[77] Exchequer: King's Remembrancer: Ancient Deeds, Series D, E 210/9702.

[78] William Brown, ed., Yorkshire Deeds, vol. 1, Yorkshire Archaeological Society, Record Series, 39 (1909, 146.

[79] Walter C. Metcalfe, ed., The Visitation of the County of Lincoln, 1592 (London, 1882), 26..

[80] A. R. Maddison, ed., Lincolnshire Pedigrees, vol. 1, Harleian Society, 50 (London, 1902), 338-9.

[81] Fraincis Collins, ed., Feet of Fines of the Tudor Period, Part 4, 1594-1603, Yorkshire Archaeological Society, Record Series, 8 (1890), 3.

[82] Sheffield City Archives, Vernon-Wentworth Muniments, VWM/351.